{"id":2857,"date":"2021-01-04T16:24:28","date_gmt":"2021-01-05T00:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/?page_id=2857"},"modified":"2021-07-05T11:42:02","modified_gmt":"2021-07-05T18:42:02","slug":"evidence-for-covid-19-vaccine-deferred-dose-2-boost-timing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/evidence-for-covid-19-vaccine-deferred-dose-2-boost-timing\/","title":{"rendered":"Evidence For COVID-19 Vaccine Deferred Dose 2 Boost Timing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">On the order of <strong>90,000 US deaths<\/strong> in 2021 and uncountable hospitalizations <strong>could be prevented by delaying dose 2 timing similar to what the UK, Canada, and Denmark are doing.<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Make that 70,000 because we lost January.<br>Make that 45,000 because we lost February.<br>Make that 25,000 because we lost March. Will we lose April? -ugh<br>note: any debate about the exact 10K&#8217;s of lives at stake has missed the point.<br>and, more of the world may follow the UK, Canada, Denmark, Germany and US, saving even more lives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>It is proposed that the benefits of deferring dose 2 outweigh the risks.<\/strong><br><strong><em><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-purple-color\">Is there any plan that would achieve better results?<\/span><\/em><\/strong><br><br> <strong><em>Reduced:<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>morbidity<\/li><li>hospitalizations<\/li><li>transmission<\/li><li>total replication\/mutation<\/li><li>dose 2 side-effects<\/li><li>world-wide shortage of vaccine<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">To date, there are no credible arguments of risk that haven&#8217;t been addressed herein. <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/contact\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\">Contact Really Correct<\/a><strong> <\/strong>with your concerns and they will be addressed here within 3 days.<br><br>Fully reopen faster and with greater safety by encouraging delay of dose 2.<strong><br><\/strong><br><strong>Evidence For COVID-19 Vaccine Deferred Dose 2 Boost Timing  <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3760833\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3760833<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3760833\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Evidence For COVID-19 Vaccine Deferred Dose 2 Boost Timing by David Epperly :: SSRN\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ssrn.com\/ssrn-global-header\/11589acb53bc518aa22929bf19add113.svg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Evidence For COVID-19 Vaccine Deferred Dose 2 Boost Timing by David Epperly :: SSRN<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Both Pfizer and Moderna vaccine trials used accelerated methods to achieve rapid FDA approval with minimal and wise compromises. While many established vaccines<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/covid-vaccine\/faq?fbclid=IwAR22WBr448pDQKaev3y-q77-0ANOQdKX69D51wCVYsr5UHZ9IV1UUWmwCYg\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cthere is no biological reason why receiving the second dose late would diminish the effectiveness of the vaccine, provided it\u2019s received before too long an interval.\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 Paul Sax, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School<br><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/covid-19\/info-by-product\/clinical-considerations.html\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/covid-19\/info-by-product\/clinical-considerations.html\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;if it is not feasible to adhere to the recommended interval, the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines may be scheduled for administration up to 6 weeks (42 days) after the first dose. There are currently limited data on efficacy of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered beyond this window. If the second dose is administered beyond these intervals, there is no need to restart the series.&#8221;<\/a> &#8211; CDC 1\/21\/2021<br><br><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"ead-preview\"><div class=\"ead-document\" style=\"position: relative;padding-top: 90%\"><div class=\"ead-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Freallycorrect.com%2FReallyCorrectWp1%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F01%2FCovidDeferredBoostDose.pdf&amp;embedded=true&amp;hl=en\" title=\"Embedded Document\" class=\"ead-iframe\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 100%;border: none;position: absolute;left: 0;top: 0;visibility: hidden;\"><\/iframe><\/div>\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-loading\" style=\"width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;left:0;top:0;z-index:10\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-main\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/loading.svg\" width=\"55\" height=\"55\" alt=\"Loader\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Loading&#8230;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-loading-foot-title\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/EAD-logo.svg\" alt=\"EAD Logo\" width=\"36\" height=\"23\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>Taking too long?<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ead-document-btn ead-reload-btn\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/reload.svg\" alt=\"Reload\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Reload document\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>|<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/CovidDeferredBoostDose.pdf\" class=\"ead-document-btn\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/wp-content\/plugins\/embed-any-document\/images\/open.svg\" alt=\"Open\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\"\/> Open in new tab\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div><p class=\"embed_download\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/CovidDeferredBoostDose.pdf\" download>Download [297.97 KB] <\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"More-Evidence\"><a href=\"#More-Evidence\">More Evidence<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;<a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab068\/6121304\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab068\/6121304\" target=\"_blank\">We urge consideration of interim use of single doses in the United States in order to extend vaccination to as many people as possible. Based on immunologic principles, sensitization with single doses would still allow boosting with a second dose several months later, when supplies improve.<\/a>&#8221; Oxford Academic accepted manuscript &#8220;<strong><em>Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout by Delaying the Second Dose of mRNA Vaccines<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; by <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanley_Plotkin#Awards\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanley_Plotkin#Awards\" target=\"_blank\"><em><strong>Stanley A. Plotkin, MD<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, Emeritus Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Award for Achievement in Vaccinology and Immunology and 10 other awards , <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neal_Halsey#Institute_for_Vaccine_Safety\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neal_Halsey#Institute_for_Vaccine_Safety\" target=\"_blank\"><em><strong>Neal Halsey, MD<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Bloomberg School of Public Health<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab068\/6121304\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout by Delaying the Second Dose of mRNA Vaccines\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oup.silverchair-cdn.com\/UI\/app\/img\/generic-cover.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout by Delaying the Second Dose of mRNA Vaccines<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Stanley A Plotkin, MD, Neal Halsey, MD; Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout by Delaying the Second Dose of mRNA Vaccines, Clinical Infectious Diseases, , ciab06<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2021\/02\/03\/delaying-second-astrazeneca-vaccine-dose-does-work-study-shows.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"AstraZeneca vaccine can slow the spread of Covid, and delayed second dose works, Oxford data shows\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image.cnbcfm.com\/api\/v1\/image\/106818431-1609766198764-gettyimages-1230415877-AFP_8Y622K.jpeg?v=1609766236\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">AstraZeneca vaccine can slow the spread of Covid, and delayed second dose works, Oxford data shows<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Researchers at the University of Oxford found that the vaccine was 76% effective at preventing symptomatic infection for three months after one dose.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2021\/01\/04\/stop-debating-first-shot-vs-set-aside-hospitals-should-compare-them\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2021\/01\/04\/stop-debating-first-shot-vs-set-aside-hospitals-should-compare-them\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Each time we elect the latter strategy, the time interval between the first shot and the booster will widen. When, then, do we change course? We could wait until we have overwhelming supply, but given the global need that won\u2019t be any time soon. Or we could change course when the data tell us the immunity from the first shot is waning to a level where the booster is the best next use of the vaccine.<\/a>&#8221; &#8211; Peter B. Bach, MD, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center &#8211; and based on tons of existing immunological infection data &#8211; that would likely be in 3-8 months, with 3-5 being better at preserving the longest level of sterilizing immunity congruent with the vaccination rollout period.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2021\/01\/04\/stop-debating-first-shot-vs-set-aside-hospitals-should-compare-them\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Hospitals: compare \u2018first-shot\u2019 vs. \u2018set-aside\u2019 vaccine approaches - STAT\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/AdobeStock_312770709-1024x576.jpeg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Hospitals: compare \u2018first-shot\u2019 vs. \u2018set-aside\u2019 vaccine approaches &#8211; STAT<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Hospitals in the U.S. should compare if the \u201cfirst-shot\u201d approach for a Covid-19 vaccine is as good as the \u201cset-aside\u201d approach.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3777268\">Single Dose&nbsp;Administration,&nbsp;And&nbsp;The&nbsp;Influence Of&nbsp;The&nbsp;Timing Of&nbsp;The&nbsp;Booster Dose&nbsp;On Immunogenicity and Efficacy Of&nbsp;ChAdOx1 nCoV-19&nbsp;(AZD1222)&nbsp;Vaccine<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2021\/01\/03\/its-time-consider-delaying-second-dose-coronavirus-vaccine\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2021\/01\/03\/its-time-consider-delaying-second-dose-coronavirus-vaccine\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;we should give people a single vaccination now and defer their second shot until more doses of vaccine become available.&#8221;<\/a> &#8211; <em>Robert M. Wachter is chair of the department of medicine at the University of California at San Francisco. Ashish K. Jha is dean of the Brown University School of Public Health.<\/em><br><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/health\/health-news\/timing-second-covid-vaccine-doesn-t-need-be-exact-just-n1255136\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/health\/health-news\/timing-second-covid-vaccine-doesn-t-need-be-exact-just-n1255136\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Your immune system is really smart,&#8221; said Dr. Buddy Creech, director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program at Vanderbilt University Medical Center in Nashville, Tennessee. &#8220;It doesn&#8217;t forget what it saw the first time,&#8221; he said, referring to the first vaccine dose. Creech, who has overseen clinical trials for&nbsp;Moderna, said the vaccines should work as expected, even if the second dose is delayed a month or more than what is recommended. &#8220;Do not panic. Even if it&#8217;s four weeks, six weeks, eight weeks before you can get that second dose, it&#8217;s fine from an immune system standpoint,&#8221; he said.<\/a><br><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/can-covid-19-vaccines-second-dose-be-delayed-11610129260\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/can-covid-19-vaccines-second-dose-be-delayed-11610129260\" target=\"_blank\">\u201cLonger intervals favor higher immune protection,\u201d said David Salisbury, an infectious-disease expert and former director of immunization for the U.K. government.<\/a>&#8220;<br>&#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/can-covid-19-vaccines-second-dose-be-delayed-11610129260\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/can-covid-19-vaccines-second-dose-be-delayed-11610129260\" target=\"_blank\">U.K. regulators and government scientists said they have to make trade-offs to prevent deaths and prevent the collapse of the state-run health service. They are buying time until more vaccines become available. They also said they are basing guidance not on these vaccine trials alone but on broader science and experience. \u201cClearly, if we had infinite vaccine, we might have taken different approaches, but we don\u2019t,\u201d Chris Whitty, England\u2019s chief medical officer, told reporters about the dosing decisions.&#8221;&#8221;<\/a><br><br>This AstraZeneca data demonstrates well established generic immune response behavior to both vaccines and infections and it applies in principle to vaccines and infections as an immunologic principle: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2021\/02\/03\/delaying-second-astrazeneca-vaccine-dose-does-work-study-shows.html\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2021\/02\/03\/delaying-second-astrazeneca-vaccine-dose-does-work-study-shows.html\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;The efficacy rate rose to 82.4% when there was at least a 12-week interval before the second dose. When the second dose was given less than six weeks after the first one, the efficacy rate was 54.9%.&#8221;<\/a> This could be expected because &#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" target=\"_blank\">the 2nd dose antigens have a probability of binding to any antibody titer remaining from the dose 1 immune response, preventing the antigen from interacting with B \/ T cells which is necessary to improve binding affinity (immunity). An appropriate delay allows antibody response to wane from it&#8217;s peak and enables a higher probability of B \/ T \/ antigen re-activation and further SHM responses within germinal centers. Existing B \/ T mem, antibodies, etc. remain protective during the period between doses<\/a>&#8220;.<br><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jioforme.com\/oxford-astrazeneca-covid-jab-is-much-less-effective-against-south-african-strains-studies-show\/149372\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.jioforme.com\/oxford-astrazeneca-covid-jab-is-much-less-effective-against-south-african-strains-studies-show\/149372\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Our vaccine because neutralizing antibody activity is comparable to other Covid-19 vaccines that have shown activity against more serious diseases, especially when the dosing interval is optimized for 8-12 weeks. I am confident that it can protect against serious illness.&nbsp;&#8220;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consumer.healthday.com\/b-2-3-pfizer-vaccine-90-effective-after-three-weeks-early-study-shows-2650280984.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Pfizer Vaccine Is 90% Effective 3 Weeks After First Shot, Early Study Shows\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/consumer.healthday.com\/media-library\/eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJpbWFnZSI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXNzZXRzLnJibC5tcy8yMzUxODYzMy9vcmlnaW4uanBnIiwiZXhwaXJlc19hdCI6MTYxOTU3NjI3OX0.qjOqWNUc9Mn5nY1wK92VoH9oir3tYWOwHr34m-wQl50\/image.jpg?width=1200&amp;coordinates=0%2C100%2C0%2C100&amp;height=600\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Pfizer Vaccine Is 90% Effective 3 Weeks After First Shot, Early Study Shows<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">WEDNESDAY, Feb. 3, 2021 (HealthDay News) &#8212; Just one dose of Pfizer\u2019s coronavirus vaccine might be enough to largely protect people from being infected with COVID-19, preliminary research shows.The vaccine became 90% effective 21 days after the first shot in a two-dose regimen, said British research\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Regarding real-world data from Israel: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.01.21250957v1\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.01.21250957v1\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Estimated vaccine effectiveness was pretty much 0 at day 14 but then rose to about 90% at day 21 before levelling off. The cause of the initial surge in infection risk is unknown but may be related to people being less cautious about maintaining protective behaviours as soon as they have the injection. What our analysis shows is that a single dose of vaccine is highly protective, although it can take up to 21 days to achieve this.&#8221;<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.01.21250957v1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Estimating the effectiveness of the Pfizer COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine after a single dose. A reanalysis of a study of \u2018real-world\u2019 vaccination outcomes from Israel.\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Estimating the effectiveness of the Pfizer COVID-19 BNT162b2 vaccine after a single dose. A reanalysis of a study of \u2018real-world\u2019 vaccination outcomes from Israel.<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">A distinctive feature of the roll out of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 virus in the UK was the decision to delay the timing of the second injection till 12 weeks after the first. The logic behind this is to protect more people sooner and so reduce the total number of severe infections, hospitalisat\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0140673621004487\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;In December, 2020, the Israeli Government approved the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine and initiated a national immunisation campaign prioritising health-care workers (HCWs), as in other countries<\/a>&#8221;   &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0140673621004487\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Adjusted rate reductions of COVID-19 disease were &#8230; 85% (71\u201392) for &#8230; days 15\u201328 after the first dose.&#8221; &#8211; Early rate reductions of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in BNT162b2 vaccine recipients &#8211; The Lancet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.startribune.com\/osterholm-recommends-delaying-second-covid-19-dose-to-get-more-vaccinated\/600018583\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Osterholm recommends delaying 2nd COVID-19 dose to get more vaccinated\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/chorus.stimg.co\/22225207\/merlin_58853212.jpg?h=630&amp;w=1200&amp;fit=crop&amp;bg=999&amp;crop=faces\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Osterholm recommends delaying 2nd COVID-19 dose to get more vaccinated<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Speaking before a Minnesota House health committee, the epidemiologist said that with many other vaccines immunity protection improves when the doses are spaced out by months.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.macaubusiness.com\/denmark-to-expand-covid-19-vaccination-program-by-delaying-second-dose\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Denmark to expand Covid-19 vaccination program by delaying second dose\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.macaubusiness.com\/wp-content\/themes\/macau-business-2019\/images\/logos\/mb-logo-white.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Denmark to expand Covid-19 vaccination program by delaying second dose<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Danish health officials said Monday the country would space out the two doses of the Covid-19 vaccine by up to six weeks, allowing more people&#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/world\/articles\/2021-01-23\/french-health-body-recommends-delaying-second-covid-shot-to-six-weeks-after-first\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"French Health Body Recommends Delaying Second COVID Shot to Six Weeks After First\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">French Health Body Recommends Delaying Second COVID Shot to Six Weeks After First<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">US News is a recognized leader in college, grad school, hospital, mutual fund, and car rankings. Track elected officials, research health conditions, and find news you can use in politics, business, health, and education.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/7576475\/quebec-coronavirus-covid-19-vaccination-second-doses-90-days\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Quebec to wait up to 90 days to give second dose of coronavirus vaccine\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/CP115155562.jpg?quality=85&amp;strip=all&amp;w=720&amp;h=379&amp;crop=1\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Quebec to wait up to 90 days to give second dose of coronavirus vaccine<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Health Minister Christian Dub\u00e9 says the province\u2019s strategy is \u2018clear\u2019 and that the government wants to vaccinate \u2018as many vulnerable people as possible.\u2019<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/montreal.ctvnews.ca\/an-immunologist-makes-the-case-for-delaying-quebec-s-second-dose-of-the-covid-19-vaccine-1.5261221?cache=piqndqvkh%3FcontactForm%3Dtrue\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"An immunologist makes the case for delaying Quebec\u2019s second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/polopoly_fs\/1.5223108.1608226332!\/httpImage\/image.jpg_gen\/derivatives\/landscape_620\/image.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">An immunologist makes the case for delaying Quebec\u2019s second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The Quebec government\u2019s announcement that it would suspend the second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine angered many in the province but a McGill immunologist is making the case that it was the right call.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/news\/2021\/01\/statement-from-the-council-of-chief-medical-officers-of-health-implementing-covid-19-vaccination-in-canada--vaccine-dose-interval.html\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/news\/2021\/01\/statement-from-the-council-of-chief-medical-officers-of-health-implementing-covid-19-vaccination-in-canada--vaccine-dose-interval.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;jurisdictions may consider delaying the second dose due to logistic or epidemiologic reasons until further supplies of the vaccine become available, preferably within 42 days (6 weeks) of the first dose.&#8221; &#8230; &#8220;Where it is necessary for programs to extend the dose interval beyond 42 days based on specific epidemiology and impacts, those programs must monitor the impact closely and share results regularly to add to the developing evidence base.&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/news\/2021\/01\/statement-from-the-council-of-chief-medical-officers-of-health-implementing-covid-19-vaccination-in-canada--vaccine-dose-interval.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Statement from the Council of Chief Medical Officers of Health: Implementing COVID-19 Vaccination in Canada \u2014 Vaccine Dose Interval - Canada.ca\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/canada\/bck-srh.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Statement from the Council of Chief Medical Officers of Health: Implementing COVID-19 Vaccination in Canada \u2014 Vaccine Dose Interval &#8211; Canada.ca<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Canada\u2019s Council of Chief Medical Officers of Health \u2014 which includes Canada\u2019s Chief Public Health Officer and her provincial and territorial colleagues \u2014 has issued a statement on extending the second dose interval for COVID-19 vaccines.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/world-news\/italy-may-follow-uk-s-example-on-mass-vaccination-report-101613899187731.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Italy may follow UK\u2019s example on mass vaccination: Report\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.hindustantimes.com\/img\/2021\/02\/21\/1600x900\/2021-02-06T150746Z_1196170586_RC23NL9DXIFS_RTRMADP_3_ITALY-POLITICS_1612630300294_1612630317242_1613899701075.JPG\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Italy may follow UK\u2019s example on mass vaccination: Report<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">PM Mario Draghi\u2019s govt is about to accelerate Italy\u2019s Covid-19 vaccination program, Italian daily La Stampa reported.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/CNNnewsroom\/status\/1362788551964979201\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Also on Monday, the province announced it is extending the time between first and second doses of COVID-19 vaccine to four months. The change, as well as Health Canada&#8217;s approval of a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/1.5929050\">third vaccine<\/a>,&nbsp;means every eligible person in B.C. will receive the first dose of their vaccine by mid- to late July.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/british-columbia\/b-c-immunization-plan-covid-1.5931543\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"B.C. accelerates timeline for first vaccine doses, rolls out appointment system for seniors over 80 | CBC News\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.cbc.ca\/1.5932213.1614626646!\/cumulusImage\/httpImage\/image.jpg_gen\/derivatives\/16x9_620\/covid-19-vaccine.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">B.C. accelerates timeline for first vaccine doses, rolls out appointment system for seniors over 80 | CBC News<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Every eligible adult in British Columbia should be able to receive a first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine by late July after the approval of a new vaccine and a decision to delay second doses. Health officials announced the accelerated timeline Monday as the province moved into the second,\u00a0seniors-focus\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Canada&#8217;s National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)<\/em><\/strong> now says the maximum interval between the first and second doses of the&nbsp;Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine should increase&nbsp;from three weeks to <strong><em>four months<\/em><\/strong>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/naci-interval-advice-change-four-months-1.5934563\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;NACI recommends that in the context of limited COVID-19 vaccine supply, jurisdictions should maximize the number of individuals benefiting from the first dose of vaccine by extending the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine up to four months after the first,&#8221;&nbsp;the committee said in a statement.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/naci-interval-advice-change-four-months-1.5934563\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"National advisory committee recommends stretching interval between vaccine doses to 4 months | CBC News\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.cbc.ca\/1.5934571.1614780374!\/cpImage\/httpImage\/image.jpg_gen\/derivatives\/16x9_620\/covid-mba-20210301.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">National advisory committee recommends stretching interval between vaccine doses to 4 months | CBC News<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Canada\u2019s National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) now says the maximum interval between the first and second doses of the\u00a0Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine should increase\u00a0from three weeks to four months.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p id=\"Italy-thinks-dose-2-should-follow-an-infection-no-earlier-than-3-months\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/health-coronavirus-italy-dose\/italy-to-give-just-one-covid-19-vaccine-shot-to-those-previously-infected-idUSL2N2L20LN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;&#8216;A single dose of vaccine may be considered for individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic or asymptomatic&#8217;, the ministry statement said. <strong><em>The recommendation applies to people diagnosed with COVID between three and six months<\/em><\/strong> previously. France and Spain announced a similar policy last month&#8221;<\/a><br><strong><em>Note the timing of 3 to 6 months between infection (which mimics dose 1), and a dose of the vaccine (which mimics dose 2). <\/em><a href=\"#Italy-thinks-dose-2-should-follow-an-infection-no-earlier-than-3-months\">Apparently, Italy thinks dose 2 should follow an infection no earlier than 3 months<\/a>, but can be delayed as long as 6 months.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/health-coronavirus-italy-dose\/italy-to-give-just-one-covid-19-vaccine-shot-to-those-previously-infected-idUSL2N2L20LN\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Italy to give just one COVID-19 vaccine shot to those previously infected\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s1.reutersmedia.net\/resources_v2\/images\/rcom-default.png?w=800\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Italy to give just one COVID-19 vaccine shot to those previously infected<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Italy will administer a single vaccine dose to those who have already been infected with COVID-19, the health ministry said late Wednesday.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>On March 5th, after losing many people, an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/germany-follows-uk-by-delaying-second-dose-of-covid-vaccine-mk65kkh9w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">article appears showing Germany has decided in favor of delaying dose 2 as the UK is doing<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/germany-follows-uk-by-delaying-second-dose-of-covid-vaccine-mk65kkh9w\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Germany follows UK by delaying second dose of Covid vaccine\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/imageserver\/image\/%2Fmethode%2Ftimes%2Fprod%2Fweb%2Fbin%2F4a3e0208-7d21-11eb-823e-250f70612dc4.jpg?crop=3659%2C2058%2C0%2C191&amp;resize=685\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Germany follows UK by delaying second dose of Covid vaccine<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Germany is to rewrite its vaccination protocols to follow Britain\u2019s example as it tries to avoid a third wave by speeding up its jabs rollout.Angela Merkel has agreed to extend the interval between<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/newsaf.cgtn.com\/news\/2021-05-01\/Spain-extends-gap-between-AstraZeneca-doses-from-12-16-weeks-ZTuThelOog\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">People aged under 60 in Spain will now receive their second dose of AstraZeneca&#8217;s COVID-19 vaccine 16 weeks after their first<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/health\/health-news\/timing-second-covid-vaccine-doesn-t-need-be-exact-just-n1255136\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Timing of the second Covid vaccine doesn\u2019t need to be exact. Just get it, experts say.\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media4.s-nbcnews.com\/j\/newscms\/2021_03\/3443516\/210120-covid-vaccine-jm-1050_b96e1fa1f1404f32b4c0735ca2a1114c.nbcnews-fp-1200-630.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Timing of the second Covid vaccine doesn\u2019t need to be exact. Just get it, experts say.<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">It\u2019s OK if you can\u2019t get the second dose right away. But experts strongly recommend getting it as soon as you can.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-01299-y\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Delaying a COVID vaccine\u2019s second dose boosts immune response\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/lw1024\/magazine-assets\/d41586-021-01299-y\/d41586-021-01299-y_19157258.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Delaying a COVID vaccine\u2019s second dose boosts immune response<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Older people who waited 11\u201312 weeks for their second jab had higher peak antibody levels than did those who waited only 3 weeks.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Mutating-Viral-Escape\"><br><a href=\"#Mutating-Viral-Escape\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Mutating-Viral-Escape\">Mutating Viral Escape<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Some concern about a mutating virus escaping the vaccine has been expressed. What must be understood is that, as viral replication increases, so does potential for mutation. A 2x population vaccinated with dose 1 produces far fewer total viral replications than does a 1x population with 2 doses. Mutations are not &#8220;intelligent&#8221; such that they &#8220;scheme&#8221; on how to evade the immune system, mutations are random. And the random occurrence depends upon large amounts of viral replication. A single dose dramatically reduces that replication opportunity, whereas a 2nd dose within the first several months only marginally reduces replication. After many months, dose 2 importance increases with time. A 2x population vaccinated with dose 1 produces far fewer total viral replications than does a 1x population with 2 doses. Any selective pressure that might occur does so within a smaller unvaccinated population which reduces total replications when partial immunity (that hinders replication) exists within the vaccinated (and\/or infection recovered) population. A 2x population vaccinated with dose 1 produces far fewer total viral replications than does a 1x population with 2 doses.<br><br>Whether considering the case of a new variant development, further replication of an existing variant, or developing a variant of a variant, when comparing a vaccinated individual versus an unvaccinated individual, more viral replication of the specific infective pathogen[s], and potential for further mutation of that pathogen, will occur in the unvaccinated individual, regardless of any selective pressure. It is ludicrous to suggest that a person vaccinated with only 1 dose, because of selective pressure, would somehow replicate MORE virus than the same person being unvaccinated. Increasing the vaccinated population, even if with reduced efficacy, results in fewer total replications.<br><br>Additionally, concern about viral escape often ignores the fact that the immune system, while primed by the vaccine to respond rapidly, will also respond additionally as needed to clear the virus, regardless of that initial vaccine induced immunity. And, being mutable, it will adapt to variants. The vaccine provides a dramatic lead in the exponential war between virus and immune system; and it is the immune system that continues to <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" target=\"_blank\">adapt and work to clear the virus as long as it is present<\/a>. The virus stimulates B cell proliferation, plasma cell maturity, and antibody secretion. When the virus is no longer present, that stimulus diminishes and the immune system no longer continues to be stimulated. The virus is eliminated. Variants are much more likely to develop in a mostly non-immune population as has been the case for all of the variants such as B.1.117 and B.1.351 that developed prior to vaccine availability. To reduce variants, it is better to have a 2x vaccinated population even if efficacy is marginally reduced relative to that of a marginally improved vaccine efficacy in a 1x population.<br><br>Furthermore, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5378080\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5378080\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;The protective immune responses that vaccines elicit tend to keep pathogen populations from ever achieving large sizes, reducing the accumulation of diversity and opportunities for onward transmission.&#8221;, and &#8220;The different antibody repertoires observed between subjects is due to the numerous mechanisms that generate antibody diversity during immune development [66,68]. Indeed, minimal overlap of immune repertoires is quite common [70] suggesting that vaccination also creates mosaic-like patterns in host populations. The high multiplicity of therapeutic vaccine targets thus reduces the chance that resistance will originate and the ability of resistance to spread should it originate&#8221;<\/a>. Polyclonal sera developed by immune responses to real infections and vaccines that encompass the majority viral proteins \/ entire &#8220;spike&#8221;, create <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" target=\"_blank\">redundant overlapping mechanisms of neutralizing a variant virus<\/a>. While the prior B \/ T \/ antibodies may have reduced neutralizing effect, any unbound virus will activate additional plasma cell proliferation and antibody secretion as a compensating effect which serves to limit viral replication while additional variant specific polyclones develop. <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" target=\"_blank\">The immune response adaptation to the variant will further serve to clear the virus as clones specific to the variant complete their maturation \/ affinity increasing processes.<\/a> Minor variants tend to be rapidly cleared, while more significant variants are slowed, resulting in less viral replication, until they are cleared by a larger number of antibodies and\/or more specific antibody clones that develop. Symptoms are likely to vary accordingly.<br><br>Johnson &amp; Johnson Janssen vaccine<a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.jnj.com\/johnson-johnson-announces-single-shot-janssen-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-met-primary-endpoints-in-interim-analysis-of-its-phase-3-ensemble-trial#_ftn1\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jnj.com\/johnson-johnson-announces-single-shot-janssen-covid-19-vaccine-candidate-met-primary-endpoints-in-interim-analysis-of-its-phase-3-ensemble-trial#_ftn1\" target=\"_blank\"> &#8220;<strong><em>Demonstrated Complete Protection Against COVID-19 related Hospitalization and Death<\/em><\/strong> as of Day 28&#8243; &#8230; &#8220;Protection Against Severe Disease Across Geographies, Ages, and Multiple Virus Variants, <strong><em>including the SARS-CoV-2 Variant from the B.1.351<\/em><\/strong> Lineage Observed in South Africa&#8221;<\/a>. The AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 vaccine results stated <strong><a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.10.21251247v1.full-text\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.10.21251247v1.full-text\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;<\/a><\/strong><a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.10.21251247v1.full-text\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.10.21251247v1.full-text\" target=\"_blank\">All forty-two endpoint cases were graded either as mild (vaccinees=15; placebo-recipients=17) or moderate (vaccinees=4; placebo-recipients=6) with <\/a><strong><a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.10.21251247v1.full-text\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.10.21251247v1.full-text\" target=\"_blank\"><em>no cases of severe disease or hospitalisation in either arm<\/em>&#8221; &#8230; &#8220;<em>of which<\/em> 39 <em>(95.1%) were B.1.351<\/em>&#8220;<\/a><\/strong>. While the AZ ability to prevent hospitalization is inconclusive, there were no cases of hospitalization. Since the mRNA vaccines first dose show similar or superior results to the AZ and Johnson vaccines, they could be expected to perform similarly or better against B.1.351.<br><br>It is important to realize that, while protection against current variants is desirable, it is perhaps even more desirable to prevent further variants. A 2x population vaccinated with dose 1 produces far fewer total viral replications than does a 1x population with 2 doses. Reducing total viral replications reduces opportunities for mutation \/ variants. The polyclonal immune response to viral exposure and\/or vaccine reduces probability of infection from variants, or reduces infection severity and symptoms. Only dramatic variant mutations fully escape polyclonal immune response and result in a fully naive infection. &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Polyclonal-Immune-Response\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The isolation and characterization of 206 RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies derived from single B cells<\/a>&#8221; has been performed. The remaining spike epitopes significantly add to this number of diverse clones. It is highly unlikely that a variant within the pandemic era would completely escape the full diversity of a prior immune response and develop into a serious case. That said, continuing study and vaccine development is prudent.<br><br>Preventing future variants is best achieved by minimizing total viral replications. A 2x population vaccinated with dose 1 produces far fewer total viral replications than does a 1x population with 2 doses.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5378080\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Why does drug resistance readily evolve but vaccine resistance does not?\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Why does drug resistance readily evolve but vaccine resistance does not?<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Why is drug resistance common and vaccine resistance rare? Drugs and vaccines both impose substantial pressure on pathogen populations to evolve resistance and indeed, drug resistance typically emerges soon after the introduction of a drug. But vaccine &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.02.05.21251182v1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and boosted by vaccination neutralize an emerging variant and SARS-CoV-1\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and boosted by vaccination neutralize an emerging variant and SARS-CoV-1<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants raises concerns about their resistance to neutralizing antibodies elicited from previous infection, or from vaccination. Here we examined whether sera and monoclonal antibodies from convalescent donors, prior to and following a single immunization with the Pfizer\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Evidence For COVID-19 Vaccine Deferred Dose 2 Boost Timing also on OSF: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31219\/osf.io\/4p3bt\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31219\/osf.io\/4p3bt<\/a><\/strong><br><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/372\/bmj.n124\/rr-1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Re: Covid-19: Past infection provides 83% protection for five months but may not stop transmission, study finds\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Re: Covid-19: Past infection provides 83% protection for five months but may not stop transmission, study finds<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Dear Editor,<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab259\/6278371\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Indirect Protection by Reducing Transmission: Ending the Pandemic with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oup.silverchair-cdn.com\/UI\/app\/img\/generic-cover.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Indirect Protection by Reducing Transmission: Ending the Pandemic with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Aaron Richterman, MD, Eric A Meyerowitz, MD, Muge Cevik, MD; Indirect Protection by Reducing Transmission: Ending the Pandemic with SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination, Open<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&#8220;We therefore provide real-world evidence for a high level of protection against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection after a single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine, at a time of predominant transmission of B.1.1.7 and &#8230; low frequency of prior infection (7.2% antibody positive).&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.authorea.com\/users\/332778\/articles\/509881-single-dose-bnt162b2-vaccine-protects-against-asymptomatic-sars-cov-2-infection\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Single-dose BNT162b2 vaccine protects against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/authorea.com\/users\/332778\/articles\/509881-single-dose-bnt162b2-vaccine-protects-against-asymptomatic-sars-cov-2-infection\/master\/file\/figures\/image1\/image1.png?1614160113\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Single-dose BNT162b2 vaccine protects against asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Nick K. Jones1,2*, Lucy Rivett1,2*, Chris Workman3, Mark Ferris3, Ashley Shaw1, Cambridge COVID-19 Collaboration1,4, Paul J. Lehner1,4, Rob Howes5, Giles Wright3, Nicholas J. Matheson1,4,6\u00b6, Michael P. Weekes1,7\u00b61 Cambridge University NHS Hospitals Fo<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Rapid-Dose-Interval-Likely-Increases-Unpleasant-Side-Effects-Of-Dose-2\"><a href=\"#Rapid-Dose-Interval-Likely-Increases-Unpleasant-Side-Effects-Of-Dose-2\">Rapid Dose Interval Likely Increases Unpleasant Side Effects Of Dose 2<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Regarding vaccine side-effects, many have noted multiple days of quite encumbering symptoms associated with dose 2 when given at &lt; 30 day intervals. Interestingly, IgM (and IgG) unbound <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">antibody immune responses are generally peaking around the 15 to 30 day period past dose 1 vaccination<\/a>. It is possible that the \u201cwarp speed\u201d trial\u2019s &lt; 30 day dose 2 boost timing that was sharply designed to rapidly determine some understanding of vaccine efficacy, not as an optimal boost timing period, is contributing to these significant symptoms. A <a href=\"#Italy-thinks-dose-2-should-follow-an-infection-no-earlier-than-3-months\">longer interval<\/a> between doses would likely reduce these <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-vaccine-risks\/#Dose-2-Side-Effects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2nd dose &#8220;side-effect&#8221; symptoms<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-01299-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">improve long-term durability<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/hcp\/acip-recs\/general-recs\/timing.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Certain vaccines (e.g., adult tetanus and diphtheria toxoids [Td], pediatric diphtheria and tetanus toxoids [DT], tetanus toxoid) produce increased rates of local or systemic reactions in certain recipients when administered more frequently than recommended.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/health.ucdavis.edu\/health-news\/newsroom\/reactions-immunity-pregnancy-and-more-answers-for-when-you-get-the-covid-19-vaccine\/2021\/01\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">If I already had COVID-19, should I get a vaccine? \u201cOur recommendation is to get the vaccine, because we don\u2019t know how long natural immunity from being sick will last,\u201d Tuznik said. \u201c<strong>We also recommend waiting until 90 days after all symptoms have disappeared<\/strong>.\u201d The reason for the wait: You will have some antibodies from the disease and are not likely to get COVID-19 again for at least 90 days, the CDC says. <strong>The waiting period will help reduce your reactions to the vaccine, plus it will let others who are more at risk get vaccinated first.<\/strong><\/a><br><br>On June 23, 2021, ACIP met to review reported cases of myocarditis or pericarditis in mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) recipients. Cases of myocarditis or pericarditis have occurred predominantly in males aged 12-29 years, with symptoms typically developing within a few days after receipt of the second dose of vaccine. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vaccines\/covid-19\/clinical-considerations\/covid-19-vaccines-us.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CDC 7\/2\/2021<\/a><br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-vaccine-risks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">While the vaccines have proven very favorable for reducing the impact of COVID-19 on many who are not in low-risk categories, improved research could lower the risk of the vaccine to those who are at very low risk of severe COVID-19.<\/a><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"America-First-Rapid-Dose-Interval-Issues\"><a href=\"#America-First-Rapid-Dose-Interval-Issues\">&#8220;America First&#8221; Dose Interval Issues<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>As of 3\/11\/2021, the US Vaccination Program has not yet acknowledged the superior overall result of accelerating vaccinations by delaying dose 2 as the UK, Canada, and others have done. Canada has chosen a 4 month interval between doses so that many people may be rapidly vaccinated with dose 1. The current US interval of less than 30 days between doses is not only leaving US citizens unprotected, but is also doubling the near-term US demand for vaccine that could help other countries such as those in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/eu-vaccine-rollout-failing-russia-and-china-are-stepping-in-2021-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the EU which are scrambling to obtain vaccine that the US is hoarding<\/a>. Italy has <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/health-coronavirus-italy-vaccines\/update-1-italy-considers-legal-action-over-pfizer-vaccine-delivery-delays-idUSL1N2JV1NX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">considered legal action against Pfize<\/a>r because Pfizer is not meeting shipment commitments it made to Italy. <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Vaccine-Distribution-And-Administration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Meanwhile, the US has over 29,000,000 doses in storage as of 3\/9\/2021<\/a> because of limitations of staff to perform vaccinations. Adding the 32,000,000 who have been doubly vaccinated to the 29,000,000 doses in storage leaves a total of 61 million additional Americans who could have been vaccinated with dose 1 as of 3\/9\/2021; but instead, they are unprotected. Or, the US could have shared some of those 61 million doses with other countries.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-health-coronavirus-vaccines-italy\/astrazeneca-vaccine-doses-found-in-italy-export-block-on-table-french-official-idUSKBN2BG1HF\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"AstraZeneca vaccine doses found in Italy, export block on table - French official\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.reuters.com\/resources\/r\/?m=02&amp;d=20210324&amp;t=2&amp;i=1556044189&amp;r=LYNXMPEH2N17P&amp;w=800\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">AstraZeneca vaccine doses found in Italy, export block on table &#8211; French official<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Some 29 million doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines were found during an inspection at a plant in Italy over the weekend, a French official said on Wednesday, and checks are still needed to assess whether they were export-bound.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Clearly-Defining-Re-exposure-Protection-And-Vaccine-Efficacy-Statistical-Results\"><br><a href=\"#Clearly-Defining-Re-exposure-Protection-And-Vaccine-Efficacy-Statistical-Results\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Clearly-Defining-Re-exposure-Protection-And-Vaccine-Efficacy-Statistical-Results\">Clearly Defining Re-exposure Protection And Vaccine Efficacy Statistical Results<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>It is important to recognize that <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3760833\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3760833\" target=\"_blank\">zero &#8220;serious&#8221; cases occurred in the vaccine arm of both Pfizer and Moderna Phase 3 trials after dose 1<\/a>. There was 1 hospital visit associated with Pfizer that did not result in admission. An  initially incorrectly classified case in the Moderna trial eventually was judged to have resulted in 1 hospitalization but was not categorized as &#8220;serious&#8221; by the NEJM article. The protection from &#8220;serious&#8221; cases (as stated by the trial publications) for both doses is virtually 100% and both of the hospital visits occurred after dose 2 and not in the period prior to dose 2. The vaccines have been shown to often result in side effects including fever, fatigue, myalgia, headaches, and other symptoms. If a single dose of vaccine prevents serious cases and death, and largely limits infection to non-pathologic symptoms, why would anyone care about efficacies that relate to preventing non-pathologic symptoms? If serious infection and death is prevented virtually 100% by a single dose, isn&#8217;t that enough to justify doubling the vaccinated population? And delaying the 2nd dose actually extends the long-term durability that dose 2 so aptly provides.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/fn46p\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Clearly Defining Re-exposure Protection And Vaccine Efficacy Statistical Results\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/preprints\/assets\/osf-assets\/files\/preprints-assets\/osf\/sharing-3b21947f2737bfe7dded684e25dc957d7d6d0dea.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Clearly Defining Re-exposure Protection And Vaccine Efficacy Statistical Results<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Publications often discuss how vaccines \/ prior infections may result in future protection from a virus. For example, a recent publication stated \u201c83% protection\u201d after recovering from a primary viral infection. Is a \u201cpragmatically useful\u201d number higher or lower? And what does the number mean? This \u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.01.30.21250843v1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Single Dose Vaccination in Healthcare Workers Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Single Dose Vaccination in Healthcare Workers Previously Infected with SARS-CoV-2<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine shortages have led some experts and countries to consider untested dosing regimens. We studied antibody responses to a single dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines in healthcare workers (HCW) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection and compa\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.01.29.21250653v1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Robust spike antibody responses and increased reactogenicity in seropositive individuals after a single dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Robust spike antibody responses and increased reactogenicity in seropositive individuals after a single dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">As COVID-19 vaccines are getting rolled out, an important question is arising: Should individuals who already had a SARS-CoV-2 infection receive one or two shots of the currently authorized mRNA vaccines. In this short report, we are providing evidence that the antibody response to the first vaccine\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&#8220;There\u2019s good reason to expect that the 12-week prime-boost interval recommended in the UK will lead to stronger, longer lasting immunity than the shorter doses recommended by the manufacturers.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemediacentre.org\/expert-reaction-to-two-preprints-looking-at-a-single-dose-of-mrna-vaccines-in-those-who-have-previously-been-infected-with-sars-cov-2\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"expert reaction to two preprints looking at a single dose of mRNA vaccines in those who have previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 | Science Media Centre\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemediacentre.org\/wp-content\/themes\/SMC\/images\/HeaderLogo_Out.svg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">expert reaction to two preprints looking at a single dose of mRNA vaccines in those who have previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 | Science Media Centre<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Two preprints, unpublished non-peer reviewed studies, look at giving a single dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine to those who have previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(21)00432-3\/fulltext\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marlin-prod.literatumonline.com\/cms\/asset\/e8521994-793c-4657-bca6-c2dc8a6152a6\/gr1.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The results of this primary analysis of two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 were consistent<br \/>\nwith those seen in the interim analysis of the trials and confirm that the vaccine<br \/>\nis efficacious, with results varying by dose interval in exploratory analyses. A 3-month<br \/>\ndose interval might have advantages over a \u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&#8220;It has been suggested that an interval of at least 2-3 months between the prime and the boost is necessary to obtain optimal responses, as memory T cells with high proliferative potential do not form until several weeks after the first immunization, and memory \ud835\udc35 cells have to go through the germinal center reaction and take several months to develop&#8221;<br>&#8220;The boost efficiency increases when the second dose is given 45 to 90 days after the prime&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2012\/842329\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"How the Interval between Prime and Boost Injection Affects the Immune Response in a Computational Model of the Immune System\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/cmmm.banner.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">How the Interval between Prime and Boost Injection Affects the Immune Response in a Computational Model of the Immune System<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The immune system is able to respond more vigorously to the second contact with a given antigen than to the first contact. Vaccination protocols generally include at least two doses, in order to obtain high antibody titers. We want to analyze the relation between the time elapsed from the first dose\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11535323\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"A randomized study of a flexible booster dosing regimen of VAQTA in adults: safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity - PubMed\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/persistent\/pubmed-meta-image.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">A randomized study of a flexible booster dosing regimen of VAQTA in adults: safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity &#8211; PubMed<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">responses to the booster dose were comparable regardless of the timing (i.e. 6, 12, or 18 months following Dose 1). Flexibility in the timing of the booster dose of VAQTA in adults would allow the vaccination schedule to be the same for adults, adolescents, and children and may increase the likeliho\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17468647\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Immunologic considerations for the timing of the booster dose of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in young children - PubMed\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/persistent\/pubmed-meta-image.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Immunologic considerations for the timing of the booster dose of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in young children &#8211; PubMed<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Residual antibody concentrations differed minimally between 15 and 18 months. Spontaneous antibody increases often occurred before boosting, possibly from colonization. PCV7 booster vaccination at 18 months appears to be safe and provides comparable immunogenicity to 15 months vaccination.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Debunking-Pfizer-52%-Dose-1-Efficacy\"><br><a href=\"#Debunking-Pfizer-52%-Dose-1-Efficacy\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Debunking-Pfizer-52%-Dose-1-Efficacy\">Debunking Pfizer 52% Dose 1 Efficacy<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Phase 3 Trial 52.4% Pfizer dose 1 efficacy calculation, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577?query=RP\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2034577?query=RP\" target=\"_blank\">published in the NEJM on December 31 2020<\/a>, was based on data starting the day that dose 1 was given, <strong><em>allowing zero time for it to take effect<\/em><\/strong>. It appears to be a mistake that&#8217;s hard to believe is even possible in an NEJM publication. Further, it&#8217;s amazing that the apparent mistake has not been publicly corrected by the NEJM as it continues to propagate in popular press articles and even other scientific publications. It is flat out befuddling that an apparent mistake like this remains so well concealed among popular press and the general public while being so widely acknowledged as a &#8220;miscommunication&#8221; throughout the scientific community.<br><br>Read <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3760833\" target=\"_blank\">Evidence For COVID-19 Vaccine Deferred Dose 2 Boost Timing<\/a><\/strong><br>Regarding dose 1 &#8220;<a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/prioritising-the-first-covid-19-vaccine-dose-jcvi-statement\/optimising-the-covid-19-vaccination-programme-for-maximum-short-term-impact\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/prioritising-the-first-covid-19-vaccine-dose-jcvi-statement\/optimising-the-covid-19-vaccination-programme-for-maximum-short-term-impact\" target=\"_blank\">Using data for those cases observed between day 15 and 21, efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 was estimated at 89%<\/a>&#8221; &#8211; UK Department of Health &amp; Social Care<br>Read Stanley Plotkin and Neal Halsey&#8217;s article.<br>Also listen to the Wachter interview (below) at minute 11:00 for info on the 52% &#8220;miscommunication&#8221;.<br>Also listen to similar in Wachter \/ Offit JAMA interview.<br>Also listen to Marty Makary interview.<br><em>Also read the Letter to the Editor published by the NEJM on February 17, 2021<\/em><br>Dose 2 is important for long-term durability, and delayed dose 2 timing helps &#8211; see above.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/content\/372\/bmj.n18\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Covid-19 vaccination: What\u2019s the evidence for extending the dosing interval?\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.bmj.com\/sites\/default\/files\/sites\/defautl\/files\/attachments\/bmj-article\/2021\/01\/covid_vaccine_oxford_pa-57388623.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Covid-19 vaccination: What\u2019s the evidence for extending the dosing interval?<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">On 30 December the four UK chief medical officers announced that the second doses of the covid vaccines should be given towards the end of 12 weeks rather than in the previously recommended 3-4 weeks. Gareth Iacobucci and Elisabeth Mahase look at the questions this has raised In a letter sent to he\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/prioritising-the-first-covid-19-vaccine-dose-jcvi-statement\/optimising-the-covid-19-vaccination-programme-for-maximum-short-term-impact\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Optimising the COVID-19 vaccination programme for maximum short-term impact\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/assets\/static\/opengraph-image-a1f7d89ffd0782738b1aeb0da37842d8bd0addbd724b8e58c3edbc7287cc11de.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Optimising the COVID-19 vaccination programme for maximum short-term impact<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">There has been a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases in the UK in December 2020<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wbur.org\/commonhealth\/2020\/12\/18\/coronavirus-vaccine-single-dose-debate\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.wbur.org\/commonhealth\/2020\/12\/18\/coronavirus-vaccine-single-dose-debate\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;<strong>[Moderna] was not shy about showing that a single dose was so effective, and they do the math right<\/strong>,&#8221; Gill says. \u201cAfter 14 days, the [single dose] vaccine is remarkably effective.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wbur.org\/commonhealth\/2020\/12\/18\/coronavirus-vaccine-single-dose-debate\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"A Single Vaccine Dose Appears To Protect Against COVID-19. So Why Are We Giving Two?\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/d279m997dpfwgl.cloudfront.net\/wp\/2020\/12\/1215_tufts-covid-vaccine09-1000x667.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">A Single Vaccine Dose Appears To Protect Against COVID-19. So Why Are We Giving Two?<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The question \u201cis a really difficult moral and scientific one,\u201d says Harvard epidemiologist, Barry Bloom. And finding the right answer may depend on research that has yet to be done.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab068\/6121304\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab068\/6121304\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;<strong>For the Moderna vaccine<\/strong> 35 cases occurred in the placebo recipients from 14 days after the first dose until the second dose compared to 2 in the vaccine recipients for <strong>an efficacy of greater than 90%<\/strong>. The Pfizer study reported an efficacy of 52% from the time of the first dose until the second dose, <strong>but the efficacy from 12 days after the first dose can be estimated to be similar to the Moderna vaccine from the curves<\/strong>.&#8221;<\/a> &#8211; Stanley A. Plotkin, Neal Halsey<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab068\/6121304\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout by Delaying the Second Dose of mRNA Vaccines\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oup.silverchair-cdn.com\/UI\/app\/img\/generic-cover.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout by Delaying the Second Dose of mRNA Vaccines<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Stanley A Plotkin, MD, Neal Halsey, MD; Accelerate COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout by Delaying the Second Dose of mRNA Vaccines, Clinical Infectious Diseases, , ciab06<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><br>On Feb 17, 2021, the NEJM published a Letter to the Editor that stated: &#8220;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMc2036242\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMc2036242\" target=\"_blank\">Even before the second dose, BNT162b2 was highly efficacious, with a vaccine efficacy of <strong>92.6%<\/strong>, a finding similar to the first-dose efficacy of 92.1% reported for the mRNA-1273 vaccine (Moderna).<\/a>&#8220;. It would be prudent for the NEJM to resolve the ambiguity between the 52.4% dose 1 efficacy in the original NEJM published article, and this NEJM published Letter to the Editor stating dose 1 efficacy of <strong>92.6%<\/strong>. The NEJM should clearly state that the 52.4% dose 1 efficacy calculation was based on an invalid efficacy calculation method that was different from the valid method used to calculate dose 2 and that the dose 1 efficacy is in the range of <strong>82% to 93%<\/strong> depending upon calculation methods, and reference <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3760833\" target=\"_blank\">Evidence For COVID-19 Vaccine Deferred Dose 2 Boost Timing<\/a><\/strong> which stated this on Jan 5. 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMc2036242\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine | NEJM\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/mms\/journals\/content\/nejm\/0\/nejm.ahead-of-print\/nejmc2036242\/20210217\/images\/img_medium\/nejmc2036242_sa1t1.jpeg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine | NEJM<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine \u2014 Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Medical-Expert-Interviews\"><br><a href=\"#Medical-Expert-Interviews\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Medical-Expert-Interviews\">Medical Expert Interviews<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/Bob_Wachter\/status\/1359240185972625408\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-embed-handler wp-block-embed-embed-handler\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('audio');<\/script><![endif]-->\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2857-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.businessgrouphealth.org\/-\/media\/bgh\/podcasts\/bgoh---bob-wachter-update-1.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessgrouphealth.org\/-\/media\/bgh\/podcasts\/bgoh---bob-wachter-update-1.mp3\">https:\/\/www.businessgrouphealth.org\/-\/media\/bgh\/podcasts\/bgoh---bob-wachter-update-1.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edhub.ama-assn.org\/jn-learning\/video-player\/18578207\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Coronavirus Vaccine Update With Paul Offit and Robert Wachter\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.edhub.ama-assn.org\/ama\/content_public\/multimedia\/jmi210028video1_thumb.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&amp;Signature=DzWgDZibaflF7n5Q8sQjdIlEB9cWQBbuK0AxGNxdRffQeO2cVcroq8gspOUBT2kRoKNpPSybhhRZSBuql8f6bTvC3ZyJQinYXoERCPJEzKiQjmymwu44oCwAjwQy8LDTY4Ui7I~2IRJ5~V463ZEuUjc-zxRDnPnt05ypMCccUQOTMNWhyqP8uYVidPc5e6VLtymku8nuCxXC6awxZUk4Hv-AC2Y8vVigdd~XlNpM20sP6KJHoYUFW~tO6x1xNuJWpMT-379XSfUIt9rZ1gV3CTAXzK7Qh6fgdrHdKuM~xn6ose0O3zKDHDN94OQphAnnyg5LnUPogTz7Um53LBqqPw__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Coronavirus Vaccine Update With Paul Offit and Robert Wachter<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">To get more vaccine to more people more efficiently, UCSF School of Medicine\u2019s Robert M. Wachter, MD, recently urged giving a single dose now and deferring the second dose until more vaccine is available. Paul A. Offit, MD, of The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, disagrees. The two discuss the p\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>A question of legal implications of &#8220;someone receiving dose 1 that died because they didn&#8217;t get dose 2 in a timely manner&#8221; also begs the question: &#8220;what if someone who doesn&#8217;t get dose 1 dies because someone else was prioritized to receive 2 doses before the other person received dose 1&#8221;? It is quite clear from the trial data that the latter of these 2 scenarios is far more likely as there were zero hospital admissions in the vaccine arm after dose 1. In fact, while the evidence of zero hospitalizations might produce 1 odd case of the former, the latter would likely be a class action with size in the 10&#8217;s of thousands.<br><br>Another question of messaging was raised about dose 2 timing alteration possibly creating public confusion. First, there is an app that reminds people of when to get dose 2. That can easily be adjusted. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster#Investigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">When the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded, many engineers and low level manager were trying to convince launch officials of safety issues &#8211; seven crew died because the data was ignored<\/a>. Data shows that deferring dose 2 will save many 10K&#8217;s of US lives. Not disclosing this data to the public and allowing 10K&#8217;s of people to die and larger volumes to be hospitalized and passing it off as a messaging problem is tantamount to deception and possibly even criminal. To eliminate public confusion, this web page exists to clarify numerous areas of miscommunication and obfuscation. As part of dose 2 timing optimization, dose 1 could be given and <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/news\/2021\/01\/statement-from-the-council-of-chief-medical-officers-of-health-implementing-covid-19-vaccination-in-canada--vaccine-dose-interval.html\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/news\/2021\/01\/statement-from-the-council-of-chief-medical-officers-of-health-implementing-covid-19-vaccination-in-canada--vaccine-dose-interval.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">monitored and then dose 2 timing adjusted based on real-time data<\/a>. A good starting point for dose 2 timing is anywhere in the 3 to 5 month range as stated in the <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3760833\" href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3760833\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">article at the top of this page<\/a>. If a call is made to adjust it based on real-time data, the public could feel secure that it is being optimized based on real-time data within that range. Or, pick a number within that range and stick with it. Anything that allows lives to be saved by delaying dose 2 is a welcome, intelligent choice. Please read everything on this page to understand the reasons for this approach. This is a public page and anyone can read it and research further, providing public, transparent, and detailed understandings about dose 2 timing. A license to copy this page&#8217;s content is hereby granted to the US Federal government, as long as a link to this page and a citation is included at a visible location at the top of the copied content. We&#8217;re here to help save lives. communicate, and educate.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/zdoggmd.com\/marty-makary-2\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Delay The Second Shot? (w\/Dr. Marty Makary)\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zdoggmd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/marty-1.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Delay The Second Shot? (w\/Dr. Marty Makary)<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">How do we do the most good with the least vaccine?<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hblog20210202.878699\/full\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hblog20210202.878699\/full\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;Although we understand the argument for sticking with the original vaccine schedule, we worry that analysts have concentrated on the risks of deviating from the prescribed schedule while ignoring the risks of adhering to it.&#8221; &#8230; &#8220;An evaluation from&nbsp; Brazil showed that the Chinese Sinovac Biotech vaccine was 20% more effective in a sub-group of patients who waited longer for their booster dose.&#8221; &#8230; &#8220;We need to balance the risk of prolonging the interval between doses against the risk of vaccinating only half as many people in the near term, which could result in an additional 480,000 hospitalizations and 54,000 deaths<\/a>.&#8221; &#8211; Michael H Criqui, MD, MPH is a Distinguished Professor at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, past Chief of the Division of Preventive Medicine, epidemiologist, Preventive Medicine specialist, Robert M. Kaplan, UCLA distinguished research professor of health policy and management and medicine, adjunct professor of medicine at Stanford University, Past chief science officer at the US Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ) and associate director of the National Institutes of Health<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hblog20210202.878699\/full\/#\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"An Alternative Vaccine Strategy To Reduce COVID-19 Morbidity And Mortality | Health Affairs Blog\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/action\/cookieAbsent\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">An Alternative Vaccine Strategy To Reduce COVID-19 Morbidity And Mortality | Health Affairs Blog<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Although we understand the argument for sticking with the original COVID-19 vaccine schedule, we worry that analysts have concentrated on the risks of deviating from the prescribed schedule while ignoring the risks of adhering to it.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>In a most perplexing move, the FDA is signaling that changing the RNA in the mRNA vaccines will not require large clinical trials, yet the same FDA is hesitant to adopt delayed dose 2 timing.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2021\/02\/22\/covid-vaccine-fda-says-shots-that-target-new-variants-wont-need-large-clinical-trials-to-win-approval.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"FDA says Covid vaccines that target new variants won\u2019t need large clinical trials to win approval\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image.cnbcfm.com\/api\/v1\/image\/106840941-1613495050512-gettyimages-1231171424-715043_la-me-vaccine_143.jpeg?v=1613495166\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">FDA says Covid vaccines that target new variants won\u2019t need large clinical trials to win approval<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The FDA said Monday that modified Covid-19 vaccines against new, emerging variants may be authorized without the need for lengthy clinical trials.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.crchudequebec.ulaval.ca\/en\/research\/researchers\/gaston-de-serres\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.crchudequebec.ulaval.ca\/en\/research\/researchers\/gaston-de-serres\/<\/a><br>Remember when the WHO said:  \u201c<em>There is currently no evidence that people who have recovered from COVID-19 and have antibodies are protected from a second infection<\/em>\u201d? That was an error. Even at that time, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Immunity-Summary\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Immunity-Summary\" target=\"_blank\">immunological evidence to the contrary<\/a> did exist.<br><br><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/excessive-intubation\/\" target=\"_blank\">Remember back in March-April 2020 when the protocol was immediate intubation? That was an error.<\/a><br><br>And so is using the non-optimal accelerated dose schedule used during the rapid efficacy trials that was helpful for getting rapid data on efficacy and safety. Read the rest in manuscript above.<br><br>Currently, a partial list of experts that suggest benefits and\/or lack of negative consequences for delaying dose 2 includes: <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marty_Makary\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marty_Makary\" target=\"_blank\">Marty Makary<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zubin_Damania\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zubin_Damania\" target=\"_blank\">Zubin Damania<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/profile\/christopher-gill\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/profile\/christopher-gill\/\" target=\"_blank\">Christopher J. Gill<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E._Wesley_Ely\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/E._Wesley_Ely\" target=\"_blank\">Wes Ely<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/ehealthresearch.no\/whoisdigital2020\/speakers\/soren-brostrom\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/ehealthresearch.no\/whoisdigital2020\/speakers\/soren-brostrom\" target=\"_blank\">Soren Brostrom<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/rimuhc.ca\/-\/donald-vinh-md\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/rimuhc.ca\/-\/donald-vinh-md\" target=\"_blank\">Donald Vinh<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/epi-biostat-occh\/richard-masse\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mcgill.ca\/epi-biostat-occh\/richard-masse\" target=\"_blank\">Richard Mass\u00e9<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/about\/who_reform\/emergency-capacities\/oversight-committee\/theresa-tam\/en\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/about\/who_reform\/emergency-capacities\/oversight-committee\/theresa-tam\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\">Theresa Tam<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bccdc.ca\/our-research\/people\/danuta-skowronski\" target=\"_blank\">Danuta Skowronski<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.crchudequebec.ulaval.ca\/en\/research\/researchers\/gaston-de-serres\/\" target=\"_blank\">Gaston De Serres<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.charite-inflab.de\/sander-lab\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Leif-Erik Sander<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hauthor20210202.53753\/full\/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Criqui<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthaffairs.org\/do\/10.1377\/hauthor20200417.161607\/full\/\" target=\"_blank\">Robert M. Kaplan<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.vumc.org\/vvrp\/person\/c-buddy-creech-md-mph\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vumc.org\/vvrp\/person\/c-buddy-creech-md-mph\" target=\"_blank\">Buddy Creech<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/mghbwhid.hms.harvard.edu\/faculty\/sax\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/mghbwhid.hms.harvard.edu\/faculty\/sax\/\" target=\"_blank\">Paul Sax<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_M._Wachter\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_M._Wachter\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Wachter<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashish_Jha\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashish_Jha\" target=\"_blank\">Ashish K. Jha<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/sage\/members\/bio_salisbury\/en\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/sage\/members\/bio_salisbury\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\">David Salisbury<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chris_Whitty\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chris_Whitty\" target=\"_blank\">Chris Whitty<\/a>, <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Osterholm\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michael_Osterholm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Michael Osterholm<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ezekiel_Emanuel\" target=\"_blank\">Zeke Emanuel<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stanley_Plotkin#Awards\" target=\"_blank\">Stanley A. Plotkin<\/a>, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neal_Halsey#Institute_for_Vaccine_Safety\" target=\"_blank\">Neal Halsey<\/a>. Please <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/contact\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\">contact Really Correct<\/a> with others that should be considered for inclusion in this life-saving list.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Please also see <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Immunology: Vaccines, Viral Loads, Symptom Severity, And Immunity<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>On an individual basis, follow the direction of your personal physician. This information is aimed at improving US epidemiologic response.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On the order of 90,000 US deaths in 2021 and uncountable hospitalizations could be prevented by delaying dose 2 timing similar to what the UK, Canada, and Denmark are doing. Make that 70,000 because we lost January.Make that 45,000 because we lost February.Make that 25,000 because we lost March. Will we lose April? -ughnote: any [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[11,12,13,10],"folder":[],"class_list":["post-2857","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","category-recenttopicslist","tag-covid-19","tag-delay-dose-2","tag-dose-2","tag-vaccinestrategy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Evidence For COVID-19 Vaccine Deferred Dose 2 Boost Timing - Really Correct<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/evidence-for-covid-19-vaccine-deferred-dose-2-boost-timing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Evidence For COVID-19 Vaccine Deferred Dose 2 Boost Timing - Really Correct\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On the order of 90,000 US deaths in 2021 and uncountable hospitalizations could be prevented by delaying dose 2 timing similar to what the UK, Canada, and Denmark are doing. 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