{"id":129,"date":"2020-05-07T17:01:30","date_gmt":"2020-05-08T00:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/?page_id=129"},"modified":"2024-09-22T22:37:23","modified_gmt":"2024-09-23T05:37:23","slug":"covid-19-safety-information-ideas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 Safety Information Ideas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\"><strong>Click Here To Skip Elementary Information And Go To The Science<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.redcross.org\/get-help\/how-to-prepare-for-emergencies\/types-of-emergencies\/coronavirus-safety.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Coronavirus Safety\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.redcross.org\/content\/dam\/icons\/disasters\/virus\/Virus-1000x1000-R-Pl.png.img.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Coronavirus Safety<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">If you\u2019re wondering how to stay safe from Coronavirus, here are some tips and precautions you can take right now to limit the spread including supplies and social distancing measures.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/Safety-Education\/Safety-Education-Centers\/covid-19-home-safety\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"COVID-19 Home Safety\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/sites\/all\/themes\/cpsc\/images\/logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">COVID-19 Home Safety<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Warm weather is arriving across the United States, and consumers are heading outside to do yard work, perform outdoor home repairs and to play and exercise. While you practice safe social distancing and other COVID-19 precautions to protect those you love, CPSC urges you to safeguard your family fro\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/covid19.ca.gov\/industry-guidance\/#top\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Statewide industry guidance to reduce risk\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/covid19.ca.gov\/img\/recovery-roadmap-share.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Statewide industry guidance to reduce risk<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">As California reopens, every business will need to create a safer, low-risk environment. If you own or manage a business, follow the guidance below to protect your workers and customers. The industry-specific guidance below applies to businesses statewide. Review the guidance that is relevant to you\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/SLTC\/covid-19\/standards.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Safety and Health Topics | COVID-19 - Standards | Occupational Safety and Health Administration\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.gstatic.com\/images\/branding\/googlelogo\/1x\/googlelogo_color_42x16dp.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Safety and Health Topics | COVID-19 &#8211; Standards | Occupational Safety and Health Administration<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Safety and Health Topics | COVID-19 &#8211; Standards<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/community\/guidance-business-response.html?fbclid=IwAR29eePph3GJX0A1zOjfVokyhA3rzp5Otq9q4BGeqJw4b8HNsvAxHSyIHWY\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/images\/prevent-spread-work.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) &#8211; Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) &#8211; Interim Guidance for Businesses and Employers<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dir.ca.gov\/dosh\/coronavirus\/General-Industry.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Cal\/OSHA Interim Guidelines for General Industry on 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dir.ca.gov\/images\/Ca-Gov-Logo-Gold.svg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Cal\/OSHA Interim Guidelines for General Industry on 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">May 14, 2020<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><br><br>&#8220;All identified outbreaks of three or more cases occurred in an indoor environment, which confirms that sharing indoor space is a major SARS-CoV-2 infection risk.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.04.04.20053058v1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Background: By early April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had infected nearly one million people and had spread to nearly all countries worldwide. It is essential to understand where and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted. Methods: Case reports were extracted from the local Municipal Health Commissions of 3\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.04.04.20053058v1.full.pdf\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"2020.04.04.20053058v1.full.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">2020.04.04.20053058v1.full.pdf<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\"><br><a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\">Viral Load Exposure Factors<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While aerosolized indoor transmission has been recognized herein since April 2020, on October 5th, 2020, the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/cdc-says-coronavirus-spreads-mainly-034950288.html\" target=\"_blank\">CDC formally recognized that aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2<\/a> is a significant contributor to COVID-19 infections.<br><br>The CDC currently defines a close contact as &#8220;<em><a type=\"URL\" id=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/php\/contact-tracing\/contact-tracing-plan\/appendix.html#contact\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/php\/contact-tracing\/contact-tracing-plan\/appendix.html#contact\" target=\"_blank\">Someone who was within 6 feet of an infected person for at least 15 minutes<\/a><\/em>&#8220;. It appears to indicate that the CDC considers brief contact on the order of a few minutes or few seconds as very unlikely to cause transmission. Unfortunately, the CDC is not more specific about the very large differences between indoor and outdoor transmission risks. Outdoor areas, such as parks and <a type=\"internal\" id=\"#Ocean-beaches\" href=\"#Ocean-beaches\">ocean beaches<\/a>, with natural high volume air exchange that greatly dilutes any <a type=\"URL\" id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\">viral loads<\/a> which may be present, results in <a type=\"URL\" id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\">dramatically decreased levels of transmission relative to indoor areas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Tutorial-Reading\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A larger initial exposure viral load can cause increased severity because the exponential viral replication reaches much higher levels before the immune system can respond<\/a>. This results in dramatically greater viral damage. The increased viral presence also tends to activate a more intense immune response which may result in increased systemic damage from the immune response. <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Reducing viral loads<\/a> into a <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/#Outbreak-Natural-Immunization-Potentials\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>variolative<\/strong><\/a> or minor infection range can significantly reduce the likelihood of a severe case. <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-staying-healthy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A regular regimen of a few cycles of normal daily exercise improves immune response \/ speed pre-exposure and immediately following exposure to minimize likelihood of illness<\/a>.<br><br>It is possible to minimize severity of illness by slowing the exponential growth of viral load that develops shortly after exposure which helps the adaptive immune response to mature before exponential viral growth becomes extremely large. The innate immune response tends to slow natural infections; and intelligent behavior (such as using <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Surface-Transmission,-Temperature,-Humidity,-And-Inactivation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">viral inactivation<\/a> substances such as mouthwash, toothpaste, essential oils \/ breath-mints \/ breath-strips, zinc, small amounts of ethyl alcohol, etc.), can slow the exponential growth such that B\/T cell activation \/maturation occurs before exponential growth of antigen becomes large. Mints and <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10787-020-00744-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">essential oils<\/a> have been recognized as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5694587\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">helpful for many centuries<\/a>, and many modern mouthwashes that kill bacteria and inactivate viruses are now essential oil rather than alcohol based. Swishing fractions of an ounce of high-percentage ethyl alcohol (hard liquor) into the throat area with tickle\/minor-irritation every few hours tends to slow viral growth, although once viral damage to the tissues becomes significant, this tends to create further irritation \/ tissue damage; and larger amounts of ethyl alcohol may negatively impact immune system response, so this tends to be optimal only for very early &#8220;tickle&#8221; stages of illness. Placing 1\/16th of a zinc supplement (nibble off a small piece) and\/or a few grains of salt in room temperature or slightly warm water will make the water much more pleasant to drink, which may help you to remain well hydrated. The zinc also seems to have a throat soothing effect (try it) and may have some mild topical protective characteristics and this tends to be effective in both early and later stages of illness. Just a nibble of a zinc mineral supplement and a few grains of salt go a long way and also tend to make water less irritating to the sore throat &#8211; thus encouraging increased hydration which is also helpful. Salt water gargling tends to be helpful. Swishing saliva around within the mouth and onto irritated areas helps to keep them moist and in some cases will help mucosal antibodies find and bind to viruses that may be present near the irritated area that is replicating virus. This can be particularly helpful during re-exposures and in later stages of infections where significant virus specific antibodies may be present within the saliva. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Histamine#Effects_on_nasal_mucous_membrane\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Histamine responses<\/a> also tend to increase likelihood of antibody encounters with viruses within mucosal tissues and also help to purge virus from the body through sneeze and runny nose responses.<br><br>It is likely that many infections and transmissions can be avoided or minimized through the use of breath-mints \/ breath strips during and following potential exposure encounters.<br><br>When sick, highly aerobic activity can undesirably facilitate virus movement deeper within the airway and into the lungs, yet light exercise such as walking can stimulate blood\/lymph flow without resulting the deep respiration that internally spreads virus within the airway. Similarly, fresh air and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.03.11.21253421v1.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">avoiding rebreathing &#8220;sick-room&#8221; viral laden air<\/a> can help avoid spreading the infection within the airway. Perhaps obviously, keeping considerable physical distance from others while enjoying fresh outdoor air will dilute any viral load that might be <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ofid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab259\/6278371\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">shedding<\/a> when sick and wearing masks can help while in careful transit to some wide open personal space containing fresh air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A study entitled &#8220;<a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.10.03.20206110v6.full-text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.10.03.20206110v6.full-text\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">COVID-19 Aerosolized Viral Loads, Environment, Ventilation, Masks, Exposure Time, Severity, And Immune Response : A Pragmatic Guide Of Estimates<\/a>&#8221; provides example scenarios and estimates infection risk for people who are not yet immune via vaccine or natural infection recovery. The study is built upon a reference case of a non-infected person in an indoor environment within 2 to 4.8 meters of 2 infected persons. It uses that reference data to estimate the time necessary to cause various exposure levels and resulting infection potential in various indoor and outdoor settings of both Influenza A and COVID-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The study helps answer the questions:<\/strong><br><strong>How long may a person safely remain within various environments?<\/strong><br><strong>What exposure levels could result in immunity without becoming ill via <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/asymptomatic-pre-symptomatic-and-definitions\/\" target=\"_blank\">asymptomatic<\/a> graduated inoculation?<\/strong><br><br><strong>A few observations from this study include:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">It can be shown that over 94% of COVID-19 superspreading events occurred in limited ventilation areas suggesting that aerosolized transmission is a strong contributor to COVID-19 infections.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">In a defined outdoor area with 3 MPH wind has 1056 air exchanges\/hour. Typical office is 6 ACPH. Typical home\/windows-closed, 0.3 ACPH. Outdoors dilute viral load over 3000x relative to home and over 150x relative to office. Typical office dilutes viral load 20x relative to closed home.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">A level of exercise after exposure can improve the probability and speed of immune response by accelerating viral movement into the Secondary Lymphoid Organs\u2019 (SLO) germinal centers. Regular light to moderate intensity exercise can improve immune response. Light intensity exercise can improve recovery times.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Specific time duration estimates and likely symptom result estimates given a person with very good general health for many example scenarios<\/mark><ul><li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">It could take about 3 hours exercising hard (60 LPM) in a 3 MPH outdoor wind 2 meters from a sick person with neither wearing masks to reach the Minor &#8220;cold like&#8221; Illness exposure level estimateIt could take about 15 hours doing light work (12 LPM) in a 3 MPH outdoor wind 2 meters from a sick person with neither wearing masks to reach the Minor &#8220;cold like&#8221; Illness exposure level estimateIt could take about 1 hour doing light work (12 LPM) in a 6 ACPH office 2 meters from a sick person with both wearing surgical masks to reach the Minor &#8220;cold like&#8221; Illness exposure level estimate<\/mark><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">It could take about 8 hours doing light work (12 LPM) in a 6 ACPH office 2 meters from a sick person with both wearing surgical<\/mark> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">masks to reach the Mild &#8220;flu like&#8221; Illness exposure level estimate<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">It could take about 1 hour doing light work (12 LPM) in a 6 ACPH office 2 meters from a sick person with neither wearing masks to reach the Mild &#8220;flu like&#8221; Illness exposure level estimate<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">It could take about 2 minutes doing light work (12 LPM) in a 0.2 ACPH closed home 2 meters from a where a sick person was resting for many hours (loading up the room air with virus) with neither wearing masks to reach the Mild &#8220;flu like&#8221; Illness exposure level estimate<\/mark><\/mark>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">It could take about 20 minutes doing light work (12 LPM) in a 0.2 ACPH closed home 2 meters from a where a sick person was resting for many hours (loading up the room air with virus) with neither wearing masks to reach the Possibly Severe Illness exposure level estimate.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Raising ventilation of an indoor space from 6 to 24 ACPH would likely extend these estimates by about 4x. Many activities could become safer with increased ventilation.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Both sick and exposed individuals wearing surgical masks would likely extend non-masked estimates by about 9x. Many activities could become safer with mask use. Combining increased ventilation further extends safer periods.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Increasing the exposure level by 10x is likely to step a Minor &#8220;cold like&#8221; exposure to a Mild &#8220;flu like&#8221; exposure.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Increasing the exposure level by 10x is likely to step a Mild &#8220;flu like&#8221; exposure to a &#8220;Possibly Severe&#8221; exposure level.<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">It is likely that most severe cases develop from exposures that occur within poor ventilation environments such as closed homes or from very close contact scenarios.<\/mark><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">Every individual\u2019s risk tolerance and optimal exposure level is different. Individuals with health concerns should seek to avoid all exposure. Those already recovered may benefit from light re-exposure challenges that preserve IgA and IgG antibody titer levels and related protective or even sterilizing immunity<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">The estimates in the study may help efforts to strike a balance in developing holistic epidemiologic interventions that consider the effects of these interventions on economic, civic, social, and mental health, which have pathologies within their own realms<\/mark><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#3b006f\" class=\"has-inline-color\">In the absence of better information, these estimates should be considered only with additional good judgement and after further verification. Human response to pathogens is widely variant and these estimations assume the normal healthy population with better than average immune response, no co-morbidities, and a very specific set of scenarios.<\/mark><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>The estimates found in this study could be a significant improvement over current WHO and CDC guidelines in that they provide specific quantitative number estimates based on data from peer-reviewed studies. The estimates cover various environments include typical ASHRAE office ventilation standards, one example of dramatically improved ventilation (4x), and outdoor 3 MPH conditions. The estimates also consider the infected person as either very sick or pre-symptomatic, the level of exertion of those breathing the air in the vicinity of the infected, with and without masks, and then identifies 4 levels of various Likely Outcomes from Not Ill to Possible Severe Illness.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.10.03.20206110v6\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"COVID-19 Aerosolized Viral Loads, Environment, Ventilation, Masks, Exposure Time, Severity, And Immune Response: A Pragmatic Guide Of Estimates\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">COVID-19 Aerosolized Viral Loads, Environment, Ventilation, Masks, Exposure Time, Severity, And Immune Response: A Pragmatic Guide Of Estimates<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">It can be shown that over 94% of COVID-19 superspreading events occurred in limited ventilation areas suggesting aerosolized transmission is a strong contributor to COVID-19 infections. This study helps answer \u201cHow long may a person safely remain within various environments?\u201d And \u201cWhat exposure lev\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>A typical $20 box fan provides ventilation of approximately 1000 to 2000 CFM. A typical school classroom is about 1000 square feet with ceiling heights ranging from 8 to 12 feet, which calculates to volumes up to 12,000 cubic feet. If 2 fans (inlet\/exhaust) were used at 2 openings to achieve a fresh air flow of 2000 CFM in a 10,000 cubic foot room, this would translate to 12 ACPH, or even higher when used in conjunction with existing ventilation. Given distance to avoid large droplets, surgical mask use indoors, and Table 2 from the above study, this would result in a scenario that would be about 50% likely to result in minor &#8220;cold like&#8221; illness levels (not flu &#8220;MMID&#8221; like) after 22 hours of exposure with an early pre-symptomatic individual present, or about 1.5 hours with a sick individual present. Mild flu-like (MMID) symptoms would be about 20% likely to develop after 16 hours with a sick individual present. In younger adults and children, all of these scenarios would be likely to result in no infection or an asymptomatic case that has some probability of generating immunity without symptoms. Protective focus on teachers could use greater distance between them and students. Vaccinated and natural-infection-recovered teachers likely remove so much overall risk such that no interventions are necessary. Until then, it is likely that 2 box fans per classroom arranged to create a through-flow air exchange would create a dramatically improved and likely tolerable infection risk level for most students and teachers. Special considerations could be applied for those at higher risk for a severe infection. Given that acquiring 2 box fans per-classroom of 20+ students might create a supply issue, it is likely that family \/ community loans from concerned Parent \/ Teacher Associations could meet needs for the first year of this intervention. If a box fan lacks the desired elegance of a public entity, examine how potholes are fixed in the streets of major cities so that roads may be used without damaging auto suspension. Cost-effective solutions can be acquired more rapidly than those of great elegance, such as the vaccines to come, which are more like re-paving the road for the long-term. Many office buildings with ASHRAE standard 6 ACPH would likely support low-risk part-time adult in-office work and fans can help assist with ventilation there as well by diluting average viral load to a level below symptomatic infectious dose, which could result in immunity without illness. <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-the-correct-response\/#Isolate-people-at-high-risk-for-a-serious-case\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Again, those at higher risk for severity require special consideration<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>For those on the go: Introductory video blog brief overview of<br>COVID-19 Aerosolized Viral Loads, Environment, Ventilation, Masks, Exposure Time, Severity, And Immune Response: A Pragmatic Guide Of Estimates<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Pain Care Labs: Good News\/Bad News edition - Vaccine = Good; 10M Total Cases = Bad\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FZqxy0VoEPU?start=446&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/news\/ireland\/irish-news\/outdoor-transmission-accounts-for-0-1-of-state-s-covid-19-cases-1.4529036?localLinksEn\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Outdoor transmission accounts for 0.1% of State\u2019s Covid-19 cases\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.irishtimes.com\/image-creator\/?id=1.4529035&amp;origw=1440\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Outdoor transmission accounts for 0.1% of State\u2019s Covid-19 cases<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Just 262 cases traced to outdoor activities since pandemic began, official figures reveal<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2021.03.11.21253421v1.full\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within the household is associated with greater symptom severity and stronger antibody responses in a community-based sample of seropositive adults\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 within the household is associated with greater symptom severity and stronger antibody responses in a community-based sample of seropositive adults<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 virus exposure may contribute to symptom severity. In a sample of seropositive adults (n=1101), we found that individuals who lived with a known COVID-19 case exhibited greater symptom severity and IgG concentrations compared to individuals who were seropositive but did not l\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sitn.hms.harvard.edu\/flash\/2014\/the-reason-for-the-season-why-flu-strikes-in-winter\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"The Reason for the Season: why flu strikes in winter - Science in the News\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i2.wp.com\/sitn.hms.harvard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/EM_of_influenza_virus.jpg?fit=700%2C743&amp;ssl=1\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">The Reason for the Season: why flu strikes in winter &#8211; Science in the News<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">\u201cDid you get your flu shot?\u201d If your friends are anything like mine, you heard this question at least a dozen times before Thanksgiving. You probably got your fair share of disdainful looks too, if you answered \u201cNo.\u201d But why are we worried about getting the flu shot now and not in May? Why is there \u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/news-perspective\/2010\/10\/study-explores-southern-hemisphere-pandemic-patterns\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Study explores Southern Hemisphere pandemic patterns\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cidrap.umn.edu\/sites\/default\/themes\/siteskin\/inc\/images\/logo-fb.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Study explores Southern Hemisphere pandemic patterns<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">(CIDRAP News) \u0096 A review of how the first wave of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic affected Southern Hemisphere countries found many similarities with Northern Hemisphere countries, though many patients had no underlying risk factors for flu complications and pregnant women didn\u2019t seem to have severe outcomes\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flu_season\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Flu season - Wikipedia\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/H1N1_navbox.jpg\/1200px-H1N1_navbox.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Flu season &#8211; Wikipedia<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">\u201cInfluenza epidemic\u201d redirects here. It is not to be confused with Influenza pandemic.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanres\/article\/PIIS2213-2600(20)30514-2\/fulltext\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"COVID-19 transmission\u2014up in the air\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marlin-prod.literatumonline.com\/cms\/asset\/d2b91ee4-ccbc-4998-b782-8b96a4f21408\/fx1.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">COVID-19 transmission\u2014up in the air<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">As we approach the end of 2020, and a year since the outbreak of COVID-19 began, cases<br \/>\nare increasing again. We have learnt a lot about SARS-CoV-2 and our ability to test<br \/>\nfor and manage COVID-19 has improved, but ongoing debate remains about how SARS-CoV-2<br \/>\nis transmitted.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/uk-factcheck-masks\/fact-check-research-papers-have-put-forward-evidence-for-airborne-transmission-of-sars-cov-2-idUSKBN29H2UO\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Fact check: Research papers have put forward evidence for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.reuters.com\/resources\/r\/?m=02&amp;d=20210112&amp;t=2&amp;i=1547545171&amp;r=LYNXMPEH0B1IN&amp;w=800\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Fact check: Research papers have put forward evidence for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Posts shared widely on social media allege there is no scientific basis behind the use of face coverings during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is false.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0160412020317876\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ars.els-cdn.com\/content\/image\/1-s2.0-S0160412020X00079-cov150h.gif\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">During the rapid rise in COVID-19 illnesses and deaths globally, and notwithstanding recommended precautions, questions are voiced about routes of tra\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2020\/04\/14\/how-much-of-the-coronavirus-does-it-take-to-make-you-sick\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"How much of the coronavirus does it take to make you sick? - STAT\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/INFECTIOUS_DOSE_STILL-1024x576.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">How much of the coronavirus does it take to make you sick? &#8211; STAT<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The minimum infectious dose of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, is unknown so far, but researchers suspect it is low.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ashclinicalnews.org\/online-exclusives\/much-coronavirus-must-present-get-sick\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"How Much of the Coronavirus Must Be Present to Get Sick? - ASH Clinical News\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d2noibkeom3qqq.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/GettyImages-1204316284.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">How Much of the Coronavirus Must Be Present to Get Sick? &#8211; ASH Clinical News<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">How Much of the Coronavirus Must Be Present to Get Sick? &#8211; COVID-19 News, News, Online Exclusives &#8211; ASH Clinical News<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/Bob_Wachter\/status\/1390169270508654593\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Also see: <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Immunology<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.06.11.20128934v1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Predicts COVID-19 Mortality\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load Predicts COVID-19 Mortality<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The need for reliable and widely available SARS-CoV-2 testing is well recognized, but it will be equally necessary to develop quantitative methods that determine viral load in order to guide patient triage and medical decision making. We are the first to report that SARS-CoV-2 viral load at the time\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/covid-19\/sars-cov-2-viral-load-and-the-severity-of-covid-19\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"SARS-CoV-2 viral load and the severity of COVID-19 - CEBM\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/viral-load.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">SARS-CoV-2 viral load and the severity of COVID-19 &#8211; CEBM<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The relationship of viral load and severity of the disease in SARs, SARs-CoV-2 and Influenza, and a summary of the sources on healthcare workers mortality.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa851\/5865363?fbclid=IwAR28LN-55S8TWwoa3SStP8665EZP1rYZ2UdftTa11N7eJDw6FjmjsVLBKmM\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oup.silverchair-cdn.com\/UI\/app\/img\/generic-cover.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Risk of Intubation and Mortality Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">AbstractBackground. Patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) frequently require mechanical ventilation and have high mortality rates, but<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Surface-Transmission,-Temperature,-Humidity,-And-Inactivation\"><br><a type=\"internal\" id=\"#Surface-Transmission,-Temperature,-Humidity,-And-Inactivation\" href=\"#Surface-Transmission,-Temperature,-Humidity,-And-Inactivation\">Surface Transmission, Temperature, Humidity, And Inactivation<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Coronaviruses are a type of virus that have an outer wrapping or envelope that contains the RNA that enables the virus to replicate. This envelope comes from the infected cell, or host, in a process called &#8220;budding&#8221;. During the budding process, newly formed virus particles become &#8220;enveloped&#8221; or wrapped in an outer coat that is made from a small piece of the cell&#8217;s plasma membrane which is usually delicate mucousal cellular tissue. <strong><em>Anything that sufficiently damages that membrane \/ envelope (or the spike) will inactivate \/ kill the virus<\/em><\/strong> because the envelope and it&#8217;s exterior spike protein protrusions are what enable it to invade a new cell. The RNA still exists, and can <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/rt-pcr-viral-presence-testing-and-related\/#Inactivated-viruses-often-cause-false-positive-RT-PCR-indications\" target=\"_blank\">fool a PCR viral presence test into a false positive<\/a>, but without the envelope and spike protein structure, there is no way for the viral RNA to invade a cell. Additionally, damage to the RNA is also likely to inactivate the virus.<br><br>Coronaviruses tend to remain viable longest on smooth, non-porous surfaces and in low temperatures. Any &#8220;slimy&#8221; mucous or liquid surrounding the viruses may help protect the virus envelope from damage. Higher temperatures result in increased brownian-motion which tends to damage the viral envelope over time. Porous surfaces which are generally not smooth to the touch, tend to abrade, chemically react with, help dissolve, or otherwise damage the delicate viral envelope or spike protein. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2863430\/\" target=\"_blank\">One study<\/a> shows that coronaviruses tend to be inactivated most at relative humidity of around 50%, gain survival at higher humidity, and  survive best at around 20% RH. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/av\/2011\/734690\/\" target=\"_blank\">Another study<\/a> shows that coronaviruses tend to be inactivated with higher humidity and survive best at lower humidity. Humidity impact appears to be dependent upon many factors. Soap, alcohol, and &#8220;essential oils&#8221; are known to provide some level of inactivation. Most enveloped viruses are fairly easy to damage \/ inactivate.<br><br>Physically, the <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)31185-5\/fulltext\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)31185-5\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\">SARS-CoV-2 virus is about 0.1 micrometers diameter<\/a>. An average grain of sand in Hermosa Beach, CA is about 300 micrometers diameter (&#8220;average&#8221; grains measured with digital caliper). This means that the average grain of sand is about 3000 times larger than the delicate viral envelope. If trapped between grains of sand being walked-upon or vigorously agitated between hands with pressure and rolling action, the virus would likely be destroyed and\/or separated from other virions reducing available <a data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\" href=\"#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\">viral load<\/a>. It has been demonstrated that viruses are inactivated by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/280103764_Pressure-Inactivated_Virus_A_Promising_Alternative_for_Vaccine_Production\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">high pressure<\/a>, mechanical <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jimmunol.org\/content\/56\/4\/385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">agitation<\/a>, very high frequency <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2021\/ultrasound-coronaviruses-damage-0316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ultrasound<\/a> (and possibly lower frequencies), and mechanical <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00317\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">shear forces.<\/a><br><br>Much is still unknown about surface transmission. Many studies that use PCR testing (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/26\/7\/20-0885_article?fbclid=IwAR2r65Q-8KVgCG_o9zWrs9XZkt_RRNZNBmu8cnIUxiPk77q0xMmCor1sKJk\" target=\"_blank\">for example this CDC publication \/ Chinese Study<\/a>) may not be valid as noted above. There are many scholars that believe it is not easily transmitted on surfaces beyond approximately 30 minutes (German scientists in publication below). There are other studies that indicate otherwise. The general consensus appears to be that surface transmission is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-021-00251-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">more rare<\/a> than aerosol and droplet transmission. Those who are at high-risk for a severe case would likely want to use additional surface sanitizing precautions, erring on the side of safety versus convenience.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelocal.de\/20200402\/how-german-scientists-hope-to-find-answers-on-coronavirus-in-countrys-worst-hit-spot?fbclid=IwAR1bYZu1Kr8GIFFH2VjvsIPv90IjV2-jv412alqPKvJMCuVA7bUUml6XZao\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"How German scientists hope to find coronavirus answers in country\u2019s worst-hit spot\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thelocal.de\/userdata\/images\/article\/bf9e2595f71889242eb2f4733fe0572671cc9e12e5ce9753e7bac1e9078f67ac.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">How German scientists hope to find coronavirus answers in country\u2019s worst-hit spot<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Researchers in Germany are trying to find out how more about how coronavirus spreads and how to contain it. They\u2019ve set up a centre in one of Germany\u2019s worst-hit spots to find answers.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalofhospitalinfection.com\/article\/S0195-6701(20)30046-3\/fulltext\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/crossmark-cdn.crossref.org\/widget\/v2.0\/logos\/CROSSMARK_Color_horizontal.svg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global<br \/>\nhealth concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Human-to-human<br \/>\ntransmissions have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating<br \/>\nits spread via droplets, contaminated ha\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMc2004973\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 | NEJM\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/mms\/journals\/content\/nejm\/2020\/nejm_2020.382.issue-16\/nejmc2004973\/20200410-01\/images\/img_small\/nejmc2004973_f1.jpeg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 | NEJM<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine \u2014 Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2863430\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Effects of Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Coronavirus Survival on Surfaces\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Effects of Air Temperature and Relative Humidity on Coronavirus Survival on Surfaces<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Assessment of the risks posed by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) on surfaces requires data on survival of this virus on environmental surfaces and on how survival is affected by environmental variables, such as air temperature &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/av\/2011\/734690\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"The Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Viability of the SARS Coronavirus\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.hindawi.com\/journals\/av\/av.banner.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">The Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity on the Viability of the SARS Coronavirus<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The main route of transmission of SARS CoV infection is presumed to be respiratory droplets. However the virus is also detectable in other body fluids and excreta. The stability of the virus at different temperatures and relative humidity on smooth surfaces were studied. The dried virus on smooth su\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/tbed.13766?fbclid=IwAR2XU0hOEhi-qFjpn4bwkXPqK-ga0ponudRQxpHZXBShusLE0unFaly996M\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Humidity is a consistent climatic factor contributing to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 transmission\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/cms\/asset\/6106087c-5f93-4dcc-b9cb-ed16b16f21b1\/tbed.v67.4.cover.gif\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Humidity is a consistent climatic factor contributing to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 transmission<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">There is growing evidence that climatic factors could influence the evolution of the current COVID\u201019 pandemic. Here, we build on this evidence base, focusing on the southern hemisphere summer and au&#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mbio.asm.org\/content\/6\/6\/e01697-15\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Human Coronavirus 229E Remains Infectious on Common Touch Surface Materials\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/mbio.asm.org\/sites\/default\/files\/highwire\/mbio\/6\/6.cover-source.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Human Coronavirus 229E Remains Infectious on Common Touch Surface Materials<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The evolution of new and reemerging historic virulent strains of respiratory viruses from animal reservoirs is a significant threat to human health. Inefficient human-to-human transmission of zoonotic strains may initially limit the spread of transmission, but an infection may be contracted by touch\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/epdf\/10.1186\/s12985-020-01418-7\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces | Virology Journal\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces | Virology Journal<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.houstonmethodist.org\/blog\/articles\/2020\/apr\/how-long-can-coronavirus-survive-on-clothes\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"How Long Can Coronavirus Survive on Clothes?\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.houstonmethodist.org\/-\/media\/Images\/Contenthub\/Article-Images\/Coronavirus\/Hub_CoronavirusClothes_Social.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">How Long Can Coronavirus Survive on Clothes?<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">We\u2019ve heard about surfaces. But what about our clothes?<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.10.27.20220905v1.full-text\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Longitudinal monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on high-touch surfaces in a community setting\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Longitudinal monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on high-touch surfaces in a community setting<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Environmental surveillance of surface contamination is an unexplored tool for understanding transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in community settings. We conducted longitudinal swab sampling of high-touch non-porous surfaces in a Massachusetts town during a COVID-19 outbreak from April to June 2020. Twenty-n\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0013935120311907\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"SARS-CoV-2 viability under different meteorological conditions, surfaces, fluids and transmission between animals\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">SARS-CoV-2 viability under different meteorological conditions, surfaces, fluids and transmission between animals<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Since the COVID-19 outbreak, researchers have tried to characterise the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms of\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br>Virus Inactivation<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7279430\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Essential Oils as Antiviral Agents, Potential of Essential Oils to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An In-Silico Investigation\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Essential Oils as Antiviral Agents, Potential of Essential Oils to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An In-Silico Investigation<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Essential oils have shown promise as antiviral agents against several pathogenic viruses. In this work we hypothesized that essential oil components may interact with key protein targets of the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7112912\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Inactivation of the coronavirus that induces severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-CoV\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Inactivation of the coronavirus that induces severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-CoV<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a life-threatening disease caused by a novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV. Due to the severity of this disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that manipulation of active viral cultures of SARS-CoV &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.uchealth.org\/today\/why-soap-and-water-work-better-than-hand-sanitizer-to-remove-the-coronavirus\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Coronavirus: Why soap works better than hand sanitizer - UCHealth Today\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/uchealth-wp-uploads\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/6\/2020\/03\/29104144\/soap-and-lather-tiny.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Coronavirus: Why soap works better than hand sanitizer &#8211; UCHealth Today<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Both soap and hand sanitizer neutralize the coronavirus, but soap and water work better because soap disrupts sticky bonds so the coronavirus slides off.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/image.slidesharecdn.com\/06-170405064340\/95\/inactivation-of-avian-influenza-viruses-by-chemical-agents-and-physical-conditions-a-review-7-638.jpg?cb=1491374678\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"inactivation-of-avian-influenza-viruses-by-chemical-agents-and-physical-conditions-a-review-7-638.jpg?cb=1491374678\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/image.slidesharecdn.com\/06-170405064340\/95\/inactivation-of-avian-influenza-viruses-by-chemical-agents-and-physical-conditions-a-review-7-638.jpg?cb=1491374678\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">inactivation-of-avian-influenza-viruses-by-chemical-agents-and-physical-conditions-a-review-7-638.jpg?cb=1491374678<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17002634\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Evaluation of inactivation methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in noncellular blood products - PubMed\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/persistent\/pubmed-meta-image.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Evaluation of inactivation methods for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in noncellular blood products &#8211; PubMed<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Heat, UVC irradiation, and S\/D treatments effectively inactivate SARS-CoV, whereas octanoic acid treatment is insufficient for inactivation of the virus.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wwlp.com\/news\/study-coronavirus-appears-to-die-quickly-in-direct-sunlight\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Study: Coronavirus appears to die quickly in direct sunlight\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wwlp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/26\/2020\/05\/2e719b0636bf4b0386a7b75d960f49cc-1-1-1.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=720&amp;crop=1\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Study: Coronavirus appears to die quickly in direct sunlight<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Biodefense reseachers say tests show sunlight is detrimental to the coronavirus responsible for the current pandemic.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-67211-2?fbclid=IwAR2_41B7Fml0BU3cPoOzmCwVdbwYcvGB2TScUAoru435y1RAbiFiqpDaAPk\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Far-UVC light (222\u2009nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-020-67211-2\/MediaObjects\/41598_2020_67211_Fig1_HTML.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Far-UVC light (222\u2009nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Far-UVC light (222&#8201;nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/222\/2\/214\/5841129\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Simulated Sunlight Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oup.silverchair-cdn.com\/oup\/backfile\/Content_public\/Journal\/jid\/Issue\/222\/2\/2\/m_cover.png?Expires=1657987773&amp;Signature=E7ekB~4-62QC5rtUXaPoCe0b3rDQpwP4fq6N445eS4Ly4emOEl75VN2qqUNH9ytUQlg1a8vdVoe1EAVyu2M77JlaHOgtVTWS4A2CDRRzyKjTBvJPPxT8s3~DdMukN-FgGrRgl5MZlHyLNILPMMbqe30Z-iLhxAc01oEprhV2RehcJ19xbYtIG9gyXyPvbVlhf5YE5rd5JUzWthOR47OFYzFpMFMzf2up1hK55~1q8TqdD4f06LDasHXoLMzW~FrTFsYUR0VUg6ocqYx6p1X0CiYXW6tFdjo6RhbQlblxGP9T8SJBMB1GF~yPVghWe7X3qbvQXtXEJ~kt57kMK0CJCA__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Simulated Sunlight Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">This study provides the first evidence that sunlight may rapidly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces, suggesting that persistence, and subsequently exposure risk,<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7196698\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Inactivation of Viruses on Surfaces by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Inactivation of Viruses on Surfaces by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">In many outbreaks caused by viruses, the transmission of the agents can occur through contaminated environmental surfaces. Because of the increasing incidence of viral infections, there is a need to evaluate novel engineering control methods for inactivation &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jvi.asm.org\/content\/79\/22\/14244\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Predicted Inactivation of Viruses of Relevance to Biodefense by Solar Radiation\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jvi.asm.org\/sites\/default\/files\/highwire\/jvi\/79\/22.cover.gif\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Predicted Inactivation of Viruses of Relevance to Biodefense by Solar Radiation<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">UV radiation from the sun is the primary germicide in the environment. The goal of this study was to estimate inactivation of viruses by solar exposure. We reviewed published reports on 254-nm UV inactivation and tabulated the sensitivities of a wide variety of viruses, including those with double-s\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1011134420304942\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"UV-LED disinfection of Coronavirus: Wavelength effect\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ars.els-cdn.com\/content\/image\/1-s2.0-S1011134420304942-ga1.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">UV-LED disinfection of Coronavirus: Wavelength effect<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">UV light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) are an emerging technology and a UV source for pathogen inactivation, however low UV-LED wavelengths are costly and\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/222\/8\/1289\/5878067\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Virucidal Efficacy of Different Oral Rinses Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oup.silverchair-cdn.com\/oup\/backfile\/Content_public\/Journal\/jid\/Issue\/222\/8\/1\/m_cover.png?Expires=1665350281&amp;Signature=PQnwbCK5y70CVqO15jxOTzjoCpxiTH5iGgoSOmu1IlixOJRLZ3kogeMB0dmHIyzl~p1OFM-n-EIOdqvSqso74NywiBXs-IqKMX2bzSGACJmFfCEnaM86glZp4gOEg32uvu3QgdrXSAdDUbwioDXxgBe7RrgC-AX9Dn1V9xJrzRul3wdkScduBgBHGUFpoYFxzqgVazXJeNJpr3-oiJaaQNUu5bqAh4Vcvty8qOaWLvgseLRj4NRfisfYxe0Y2CoVLBtUHOGWGN4hbVFyP~wStJZjqcdYyCRn7buDIchAH1rzBmCPkxGs9rA0JEY~-w3PixwXT-OJEQZyHRMEV0GILA__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Virucidal Efficacy of Different Oral Rinses Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Several oral rinses show significant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivating properties in vitro, supporting the idea that ora<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jmv.26514\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Lowering the transmission and spread of human coronavirus\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/cms\/asset\/47a8b314-7fc1-4ed5-8bf5-a283d07069c9\/jmv.v92.11.cover.gif\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Lowering the transmission and spread of human coronavirus<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has created an unprecedented healthcare, social, and economic disaster. Wearing of masks and social distancing can signif&#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7246183\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can unknowingly spread the virus to several people during the early subclinical period.We evaluated the viral dynamics in various body fluid specimens, such as nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\"><br><a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\">Indoor Contained Air vs Outdoor Air<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Outdoor areas, such as parks and <a href=\"#Ocean-beaches\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Ocean-beaches\">ocean beaches<\/a>, with natural high volume air exchange that greatly dilutes any <a href=\"#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\">viral loads<\/a> which may be present, results in <a href=\"#Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\">dramatically decreased levels of transmission relative to indoor areas<\/a>. General population use of masks in essential shared indoor areas such as grocery stores and other businesses helps to keep that indoor air pristine and free of viruses so that care-givers are less likely to bring the virus into areas where they are <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-the-correct-response\/#Isolate-people-at-high-risk-for-a-serious-case\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-the-correct-response\/#Isolate-people-at-high-risk-for-a-serious-case\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">caring for those at high risk for a severe case<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/Bob_Wachter\/status\/1390169270508654593\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bestlifeonline.com\/coronavirus-indoors\/?fbclid=IwAR2aQXIuDD9Xwaa0-sZqQgv9U9jWmoZ4Jazy1p87TlpusXpuSB6hApbHTcE\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"This Is Where You\u2019re 19 Times More Likely to Get Coronavirus\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/bestlifeonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/mom-son-masks.jpg?fit=1200%2C745&amp;ssl=1\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">This Is Where You\u2019re 19 Times More Likely to Get Coronavirus<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Two new studies reveal where COVID-19 is most likely to spread, indoors or outdoors. And the results are likely to hit a little too close to home.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Indoors-At-Home\"><a href=\"#Indoors-At-Home\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Indoors-At-Home\">Indoors At Home<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Regarding <a type=\"URL\" id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/\" target=\"_blank\">viral transmission<\/a>, outdoor groups and professional office settings appear to be statistically safer than indoor families.<br><br><a type=\"URL\" id=\"https:\/\/research.unc.edu\/2020\/04\/24\/household-deemed-most-common-place-for-covid-19-transmission\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/research.unc.edu\/2020\/04\/24\/household-deemed-most-common-place-for-covid-19-transmission\/\" target=\"_blank\">&#8220;The riskiest place could be our homes&#8221;<br>&#8220;Possible rates of household transmission \u2014 anywhere from 5 to 30 percent&#8221;<\/a><br><br>Due to the potential for <a type=\"internal\" id=\"#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\" href=\"#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\">large viral loads<\/a> to be transmitted over long periods of time in close proximity within the home, the probability of transmission \/ increased-severity are higher among people co-habitating relative to many other settings. <a type=\"internal\" id=\"#Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\" href=\"#Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\">Outdoors<\/a> environments and professional office settings with ventilation and air-exchange disease prevention optimizations are much <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.10.03.20206110v5.full\" target=\"_blank\">lower risk<\/a>.<br><br>When co-habitating, it may be important to wear face coverings and improve ventilation so that the risk more closely approaches the many order of magnitude safer outdoor environments; which data shows to be very low even without use of safety protocols and <a type=\"URL\" id=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nonpharmaceutical-interventions\/index.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nonpharmaceutical-interventions\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Non Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPI)<\/a>.<br><br>However impractical it may be, it would be more <a type=\"URL\" id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-epidemic-risk-management\/#Minimize-Infection-Window-Period\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-epidemic-risk-management\/#Minimize-Infection-Window-Period\" target=\"_blank\">epidemiologically prudent<\/a> to mandate that people temporarily suspend co-habitation than nearly any other non-super-spreading activity.<br><br>With that challenge in mind, education and innovation can <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/\" target=\"_blank\">enable intelligent, situationally specific, solutions<\/a> that surpass government mandated edicts that tend to lead to <a type=\"URL\" id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-government-overreach\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-government-overreach\/\" target=\"_blank\">social dysfunction and mental health challenges<\/a>. The importance of holistic community health includes factors that include and surpass simply limiting viral transmission.<br><br>Regarding <a type=\"URL\" id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/\" target=\"_blank\">viral transmission<\/a>, outdoor groups and well ventilated professional settings appear to be statistically safer than indoor families.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/research.unc.edu\/2020\/04\/24\/household-deemed-most-common-place-for-covid-19-transmission\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Household Deemed Most Common Place for COVID-19 Transmission - UNC Research\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/research.unc.edu\/files\/2020\/04\/8U7A0948_edited_V2-low-1024x683.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Household Deemed Most Common Place for COVID-19 Transmission &#8211; UNC Research<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">UNC infectious disease researcher Jessica Lin is leading a study to address the infection rates of household members living with someone who has tested positive for COVID-19.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa450\/5821281\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Characteristics of Household Transmission of COVID-19\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oup.silverchair-cdn.com\/UI\/app\/img\/generic-cover.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Characteristics of Household Transmission of COVID-19<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The secondary transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in households is 16.3%. Age of contacts and spousal relationship to the index case are risk factors for transmissi<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/69\/wr\/mm6944e1.htm?s_cid=mm6944e1_w\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Transmission of SARS-COV-2 Infections in Households ...\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/69\/wr\/social-media\/mm6944e1_TransmissionInHouseholdsCOVID19_IMAGE_30Oct20_1200x627.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Transmission of SARS-COV-2 Infections in Households &#8230;<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">This report describes findings from a household study that indicate transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among household members was frequent from either children or adults.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/coronavirus-risk-higher-tight-indoor-spaces-with-little-air-flow-2020-5?utm_source=yahoo.com&amp;utm_medium=referral\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"You\u2019re most likely to catch the coronavirus in a poorly ventilated space. That makes offices very risky.\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.insider.com\/5eac52923dac9a1125664687?width=1200&amp;format=jpeg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">You\u2019re most likely to catch the coronavirus in a poorly ventilated space. That makes offices very risky.<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">COVID-19 spreads via droplets from infected people. It\u2019s much more likely to jump between people in an indoor space with little air flow.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/news\/2020\/12\/royal-society-publishes-rapid-review-of-the-science-of-infection-and-COVID-19\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Royal Society publishes rapid review of the science of infection and COVID-19 | Royal Society\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/images\/Redesign2015\/RSSocialShare.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Royal Society publishes rapid review of the science of infection and COVID-19 | Royal Society<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The paper SARS-CoV-2: Where Do People Acquire Infection and \u2018Who Infects Whom\u2019? has been published by the Royal Society\u2019s SET-C (Science in Emergencies Tasking: COVID-19) group.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.04.04.20053058v1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Background: By early April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had infected nearly one million people and had spread to nearly all countries worldwide. It is essential to understand where and how SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted. Methods: Case reports were extracted from the local Municipal Health Commissions of 3\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2774102\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jamanetwork.com\/ama\/content_public\/journal\/jamanetworkopen\/938592\/zoi200987_featured_1607354087.12032.jpeg?Expires=2147483647&amp;Signature=vpF4jvqdz8pLBxY3zH-r9YBvnZnRXx9fFb5OiiqC7j73xtg7zEuoQgcJGx-bLHBKIv58CfClyhzSjZCfHSbIk1mIn6uVVO0OFT5c1vEgSM6EPa5Il3NT5pRjjqBH~EFteC4o6izOU9kLQdrv1uAu4H8pS0tjtVZIM4SC5wifbIST51E2XxMmfJzo4lruJ3MQe6UVn9XobO3lCV3~jFVor7xEQeXmL7sVa2eIWVRM42JK~XCtp6sYC6XEkpKJIxTF0zCg5YgQ8dhjCbjcs5l67txqKvesqRah2~E8X3b8yigfJk3~lDFV~C04tGd5bpmK-b88JsRMB2Q3McFBfwtSkQ__&amp;Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">This systematic review and meta-analysis examines evidence for household transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), disaggregated by several covariates, and compares it with other coronaviruses<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Household contact was the main setting for transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and the risk for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among close contacts increased with the severity of index cases&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/M20-2671?fbclid=IwAR1GLgh7IFt8OX_h8ShfVOELneWTcYq_wO565wdfeTLIhwBUlKRvXfJ2VsM\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Contact Settings and Risk for Transmission in 3410 Close Contacts of Patients With COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China: A Prospective Cohort Study: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 0, No 0\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/acp\/journals\/content\/aim\/0\/aim.ahead-of-print\/m20-2671\/20200813\/images\/medium\/aime202012010-m202671_visual-abstract.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Contact Settings and Risk for Transmission in 3410 Close Contacts of Patients With COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China: A Prospective Cohort Study: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 0, No 0<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Background: Risk for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to close contacts of infected persons has not been well estimated. Objective: To evaluate the risk &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/coronavirus-super-spreader-events-notable-175300130.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Coronavirus super-spreader events all have notable similarities \u2014 and they reveal the types of gatherings we should avoid for years\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/e2QeTfY8NBlgvYOntJd8Cw--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyODA7aD05NjA-\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/uu\/api\/res\/1.2\/PKQ3uKwA.1U2Z24rXu5l.A--~B\/aD0xMjY4O3c9MTY5MTtzbT0xO2FwcGlkPXl0YWNoeW9u\/https:\/\/media.zenfs.com\/EN\/business_insider_articles_888\/dc0c9917dacc1a9d653c8608d27c7dab\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Coronavirus super-spreader events all have notable similarities \u2014 and they reveal the types of gatherings we should avoid for years<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Super-spreader events involve lots of people getting infected by one person with the coronavirus. Most are large, indoor gatherings.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/how-coronavirus-spreads-through-the-air-what-we-know-so-far1\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"How Coronavirus Spreads through the Air: What We Know So Far\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.scientificamerican.com\/sciam\/cache\/file\/F8A65972-8447-4FF0-944EE1EE8DD3D9B4.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">How Coronavirus Spreads through the Air: What We Know So Far<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The virus that causes COVID-19 can persist in aerosol form, some studies suggest. But the potential for transmission depends on many factors, including infectiousness, dose and ventilation<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK143278\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Infection and ventilation - Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-Care Settings - NCBI Bookshelf\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static.pubmed.gov\/portal\/portal3rc.fcgi\/4176521\/img\/28977\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Infection and ventilation &#8211; Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-Care Settings &#8211; NCBI Bookshelf<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">There is little evidence that ventilation directly reduces the risk of disease transmission, but many studies suggest that insufficient ventilation increases disease transmission. A number of studies have looked at the possible transmission routes of diseases, but few have looked at the direct impac\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/health\/archive\/2020\/07\/why-arent-we-talking-more-about-airborne-transmission\/614737\/?utm_source=feed&amp;fbclid=IwAR1kaCHd3QqEzizrPNwY7_afz5tqxiokHR71Jg8YTGjuypJdHcM2oZQXnYc\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"We Need to Talk About Ventilation\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.theatlantic.com\/thumbor\/ouHzuH8JPb69vykq4s1UW0tvjtY=\/0x0:5242x2729\/960x500\/media\/img\/mt\/2020\/07\/GS1779057_1\/original.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">We Need to Talk About Ventilation<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">How is it that six months into a respiratory pandemic, we are still doing so little to mitigate airborne transmission?<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/coronavirus\/indoor-air-and-coronavirus-covid-19\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Indoor Air and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/all\/themes\/epa\/img\/epa-seal-large.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Indoor Air and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">EPA recommends precautions to reduce the potential airborne transmission of the virus, such as ventilation and air filtration as a part of a larger strategy that includes minimizing close contact, surface cleaning, handwashing, and other precautions.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/coronavirus\/ventilation-and-coronavirus-covid-19\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Ventilation and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/all\/themes\/epa\/img\/epa-seal-large.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Ventilation and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">EPA recommends precautions to reduce the potential airborne transmission of the virus, such as ventilation and air filtration as a part of a larger strategy that includes minimizing close contact, surface cleaning, handwashing, and other precautions.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/coronavirus\/indoor-air-and-covid-19-key-references-and-publications#aerosols\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Indoor Air and COVID-19 Key References and Publications | US EPA\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/all\/themes\/epa\/img\/epa-seal-large.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Indoor Air and COVID-19 Key References and Publications | US EPA<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Review a list of some of the technical publications addressing the science related to transmission of SARS-Co-V-2 through aerosol in indoor environments.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7261361\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Can indoor sports centers be allowed to re-open during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a certificate of equivalence?\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Can indoor sports centers be allowed to re-open during the COVID-19 pandemic based on a certificate of equivalence?<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Within a time span of only a few months, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has managed to spread across the world. This virus can spread by close contact, which includes large droplet spray and inhalation of microscopic droplets, and by indirect contact via contaminated &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cid\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa939\/5867798\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"It is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of COVID-19\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oup.silverchair-cdn.com\/UI\/app\/img\/generic-cover.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">It is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of COVID-19<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Lidia Morawska, Donald K Milton; It is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of COVID-19, Clinical Infectious Diseases, , ciaa939, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/1c9jwMyT1lw2P0d6SDTno6nHLGMtpheO9xJyGHgdBoco\/edit#gid=1812932356\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"COVID-19 Superspreading Events Around the World\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/3s0bLczOPyvlRypc1sqSwEVYmWH5HUN1i59-je_8N3KEllJkqXyJjT4txhCo9FM8tl8ejUcz9w=w1200-h630-p\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">COVID-19 Superspreading Events Around the World<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Covid-19 Superspread Events <a href=\"\u201d#gid=206521141\u2033\">README<\/a>,Code,Country,City\/Region,Lat,Long,Setting1,Description,Indoor \/ Outdoor,Cases,Index Date,Reference,Flu Season,Setting2,Setting3,Setting 4:<br \/>\nVocalizing,Setting5: Refrigeration,Date added\/Last updated<br \/>\nATA1,Antarctica,Antarctica Peninsu&#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-00502-w\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Coronavirus research updates: Massive contact-tracing effort finds hundreds of cases linked to nightclubs\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.nature.com\/lw1024\/magazine-assets\/d41586-020-00502-w\/d41586-020-00502-w_18162078.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Coronavirus research updates: Massive contact-tracing effort finds hundreds of cases linked to nightclubs<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">A selection of the latest research on the new coronavirus.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ashrae.org\/file%20library\/about\/position%20documents\/pd_infectiousaerosols_2020.pdf\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Page Not Found\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ashrae.org\/Image%20Library\/content-images\/logo_ashrae.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Page Not Found<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Learn more about Page Not Found at ashrae.org<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Hamner-Choir-Outbreak-MMWR-051220.pdf\" class=\"pdfemb-viewer\" style=\"\" data-width=\"max\" data-height=\"max\" data-toolbar=\"bottom\" data-toolbar-fixed=\"off\">Hamner-Choir-Outbreak-MMWR-051220<\/a>\n<p class=\"wp-block-pdfemb-pdf-embedder-viewer\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4398662\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Particle transport and deposition: basic physics of particle kinetics\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Particle transport and deposition: basic physics of particle kinetics<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The human body interacts with the environment in many different ways. The lungs interact with the external environment through breathing. The enormously large surface area of the lung with its extremely thin air-blood barrier is exposed to particles suspended &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/02786826.2020.1751055\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"What aerosol physics tells us about airborne pathogen transmission\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/cover-img\/10.1080\/uast20.v054.i06\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">What aerosol physics tells us about airborne pathogen transmission<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">(2020). What aerosol physics tells us about airborne pathogen transmission. Aerosol Science and Technology: Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 639-643.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/first10em.com\/aerosols-droplets-and-airborne-spread\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Aerosols, Droplets, and Airborne Spread: Everything you could possibly want to know - First10EM\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/first10em.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Aerosols-droplets-and-airborne-spread-scaled.jpg?fit=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Aerosols, Droplets, and Airborne Spread: Everything you could possibly want to know &#8211; First10EM<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">A review of the scientific literature aimed at providing a better understanding of aerosols and droplets, and their importance in airborne spread of disease<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Some situations may be particularly risky. Meatpacking plants are likely vulnerable because many people work closely together in spaces where low temperature helps the virus survive. But it may also be relevant that they tend to be loud places, Knight says. The report about the choir in Washington made her realize that one thing links numerous clusters: They happened in places where people shout or sing. And although Zumba classes have been connected to outbreaks, Pilates classes, which are not as intense, have not, Knight notes. \u201cMaybe slow, gentle breathing is not a risk factor, but heavy, deep, or rapid breathing and shouting is.\u201d&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2020\/05\/why-do-some-covid-19-patients-infect-many-others-whereas-most-don-t-spread-virus-all?fbclid=IwAR24c2q7wx17Tiu-HbjYGgx_DbTlvqajvC-_2ffYbX7MZ0UI6liMxQwkF8c\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Why do some COVID-19 patients infect many others, whereas most don\u2019t spread the virus at all?\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/article_main_large\/public\/ca_0522NID_Meat_Plant_online.jpg?itok=ELrLzRHq\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Why do some COVID-19 patients infect many others, whereas most don\u2019t spread the virus at all?<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Preventing big clusters of cases would help curb the pandemic, scientists say<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><br>Jun 15, 2020:  \u201cRight now, I\u2019m feeling pretty upset, pretty sad because they\u2019re good people,\u201d she said. \u201cThere\u2019s a lot of good people in there.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.kptv.com\/news\/covid-19-outbreak-in-union-co-health-officials-say-many-cases-linked-to-church-in\/article_e1986402-af92-11ea-9e5f-df3d24cfa6a7.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"COVID-19 outbreak in Union Co.; health officials say many cases linked to church in La Grande\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com\/kptv.com\/content\/tncms\/assets\/v3\/editorial\/0\/12\/01271b9e-9bc3-11ea-a0ec-ef84491709e4\/5ec71c7e1fd37.image.jpg?resize=750%2C422\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">COVID-19 outbreak in Union Co.; health officials say many cases linked to church in La Grande<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">PORTLAND, OR (KPTV) \u2013 The Oregon Health Authority has reported the highest number of new COVID-19 cases in a single day to date.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/people-getting-sick-coronavirus-spreading-115751594.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"People are getting sick from coronavirus spreading through the air \u2013 and that\u2019s a big challenge for reopening\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/eoW1jQ8fpEUHfnTpWB0SHw--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyODA7aD04MzcuMzMzMzMzMzMzMzMzNA--\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/uu\/api\/res\/1.2\/tNV5Dmv90Doxpt0MGxopGA--~B\/aD05NDI7dz0xNDQwO3NtPTE7YXBwaWQ9eXRhY2h5b24-\/https:\/\/media.zenfs.com\/en\/the_conversation_us_articles_815\/a4e49a5427d580cc69fd0b22de6703d1\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">People are getting sick from coronavirus spreading through the air \u2013 and that\u2019s a big challenge for reopening<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">I am a scientist that studies infectious diseases and I specialize in severe respiratory infections, but I also serve as a member of my church\u2019s safety team&#8230;.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yahoo.com\/news\/coronavirus-may-spread-bathroom-drains-150100896.html\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"The coronavirus may have spread through bathroom drains 12 stories apart in a high-rise, raising concerns about fecal transmission\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/ny\/api\/res\/1.2\/2OkgooGay8Z2a1CypCNSIQ--\/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyODA7aD05NjA-\/https:\/\/s.yimg.com\/uu\/api\/res\/1.2\/4d2sTS4k2H_KXbPm6gteyQ--~B\/aD00MTI4O3c9NTUwMztzbT0xO2FwcGlkPXl0YWNoeW9u\/https:\/\/media.zenfs.com\/EN\/business_insider_articles_888\/c2d1d35a6e07d04b86f3c352964a2f12\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">The coronavirus may have spread through bathroom drains 12 stories apart in a high-rise, raising concerns about fecal transmission<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Under certain conditions, aerosols from feces could travel upward through an apartment building after a person flushes a toilet.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Keep-Bathtub-and-Floor-Drains-Filled-With-Water\"><a href=\"#Keep-Bathtub-and-Floor-Drains-Filled-With-Water\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Keep-Bathtub-and-Floor-Drains-Filled-With-Water\">Keep Bathtub and Floor Drains Filled With Water<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Disease transmission may occur when &#8220;water traps&#8221; in floor and bathtub drains are allowed to dry out. If a bathtub or floor drain is left unused and not re-filled with water for a few weeks, sewage gases can enter the room because they are not trapped by water in the &#8220;U&#8221; shaped water barrier used in plumbing to trap sewer gases. This is particularly important in apartments, condominiums. high-rise buildings, and other high-density housing. &#8220;Bioaerosols can be controlled at the source by avoiding any potential gas leaks from the drainage system to indoor spaces. For example, to block fecal aerosol transmission, drainage traps, such as U-shaped water traps, should not be allowed to dry out.&#8221; Viral loads allowed to enter and concentrate indoors when lack of ventilation does not allow the viral load to diffuse, dilute, and escape can be particularly infectious when people remain indoors for long periods of time such as sleeping. This can be particularly problematic during colder periods when windows may be closed.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/doi\/10.7326\/M20-0928#t1-M200928\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Probable Evidence of Fecal Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a High-Rise Building | Annals of Internal Medicine\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.acpjournals.org\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/acp\/journals\/content\/aim\/0\/aim.ahead-of-print\/m20-0928\/20200901\/images\/medium\/aime202012150-m200928_visual-abstract.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Probable Evidence of Fecal Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a High-Rise Building | Annals of Internal Medicine<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Background: The role of fecal aerosols in the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been suspected. Objective: To investigate the temporal and spatial distributions of&#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Ocean-beaches\"><br><a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Ocean-beaches\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Ocean-beaches\">Ocean beaches<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ocean beaches and other land areas close to extremely large bodies of water <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_breeze\" target=\"_blank\">develop breezes<\/a> due to water and land temperature differences. These breezes effectively create strong natural sources of ventilation and air exchange which greatly dilutes any viral loads which may be present resulting in <a href=\"#Indoor-Contained-Air-vs-Outdoor-Air\">dramatically decreased levels of transmission relative to indoor areas<\/a>. During the day, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-67211-2?fbclid=https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/222\/2\/214\/5841129\" target=\"_blank\">UV light from the sun very significantly helps to inactivate coronaviruses<\/a>. Higher <a href=\"#Surface-Transmission,-Temperature,-Humidity,-And-Inactivation\">temperatures<\/a> help as well. Since the eyes are one of the primary viral entry points, sunglasses and other <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)31142-9\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\">protective eye-wear has been shown to significantly reduce infection probability<\/a>. <a href=\"#Surface-Transmission,-Temperature,-Humidity,-And-Inactivation\">Porous surfaces<\/a> such as sand tend to damage the viral envelope (think cellular membrane since coronaviruses &#8220;bud&#8221; from cellular tissue and use that cellular membrane to create the viral envelope). Anything that sufficiently damages that fragile membrane \/ envelope will inactivate \/ kill the virus. Exercise, walking, running, or other activity will increase blood and lymph flow increasing <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-staying-healthy\/\" target=\"_blank\">the random chance that any pathogen will encounter a leukocyte<\/a> that will slow or halt infection. In addition, when moving along outdoor bike \/ foot paths, <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-safety-information-ideas\/#Viral-Load-Exposure-Factors\">transmission is very unlikely during brief encounters<\/a>. While these attributes of typical ocean beaches use are each helpful individually, the combination of voluminous fresh air exchange, bright sunlight including UV, warmer temperatures, protective eye-wear, harsh surfaces. and exercise work together to drastically <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-epidemic-risk-management\/#Minimize-Infection-Window-Period\" target=\"_blank\">reduce any viral load encountered<\/a> and minimize probability of becoming sick. In fact, with a small viral load and a highly responsive immune system, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/immunology-vaccines-viral-loads-symptom-severity-and-immunity\/\" target=\"_blank\">it may be possible to gain some level of immunity with no or very mild symptoms.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sea_breeze\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Sea breeze - Wikipedia\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ab\/Sea-breeze_in_Hobart.jpg\/1200px-Sea-breeze_in_Hobart.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Sea breeze &#8211; Wikipedia<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br>Pool Parties<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Significant numbers of outbreaks have been traced to pool parties. Some physical science realities may be linked to the occurrence of transmission at pool parties. Given many of the principles noted above, there exists convincing evidence that contained airspace increases chance of transmission as the virus accumulates in that limited airspace. Keeping in mind that, when swimming, one&#8217;s mouth, nose, and eyes are only inches away from the water surface, it may easily be understood that the volume of airspace below the face is not the same in a pool as it is when standing upright (5 feet or so). Any breeze is also often limited as the pool surface is several inches below ground level. This often creates a slow moving &#8220;contained airspace&#8221; which enables the viral loads to accumulate within the walls of the pool rather than blow away as easily as when one&#8217;s head is 5 feet above ground level where the wind blows more strongly than it does only inches above the pool water surface. Additionally, pools tend to be enclosed within  walled areas to protect children from entering inadvertently, further limiting open air space and air movement at the water level. While the chlorine in the pool does help inactivate any virus present and any UV light from the sun does as well, the stagnant air volume between the surface of the water and the pool edges makes for a very limited airspace. Using fans to create additional ventilation over the pool surface can be helpful. Also, since most pool parties include an indoor element, using appropriate safety protocols in the indoor areas can also be helpful. Pools in wide open spaces, lakes, and certainly ocean areas with wave motion tend to have greater air movement which reduces the risk of a contained air-space.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Face-Mask-\/-Coverings-Benefits-and-Challenges-And-Other-NPI\"><br><a href=\"#Face-Mask-\/-Coverings-Benefits-and-Challenges-And-Other-NPI\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Face-Mask-\/-Coverings-Benefits-and-Challenges-And-Other-NPI\">Face Mask \/ Coverings Benefits and Challenges And Other NPI<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Masks are important when people are in close proximity for significant periods of time. If just passing somebody briefly or keeping a good distance masks are unnecessary (barring an ill-timed point blank range sneeze or cough). Masks are most helpful indoors where someone who doesn&#8217;t yet know they are sick will contain many virus containing droplets within the mask and help keep the indoor air cleaner, especially helpful when air volume per person is small, ventilation is inadequate, and people are in close proximity. Masks are extremely helpful for protecting our high-risk populations in environments such as grocery and other places where low-risk, high-risk, and those caring for high-risk populations intermingle. Mask usage in commonly shared indoor environments enables low-risk populations to continue day to day economic and socially helpful behavior while helping to shield high-risk populations from exposure in the shared environments. High risk populations should use masks and avoid crowded areas.<br><br>Masks also accumulate and grow bacteria over time and can be unhelpful to the wearer which should be balanced against any benefit they provide toward containing viral laden droplets. Oxygen level changes due to wearing a mask are generally not a concern at most altitudes. Importantly, face masks also provide a barrier that helps one avoid touching their nose. It also provides a psychological benefit of feeling protected which can reduce stress in some people during viral outbreaks and subsidence transitional times; and lower stress helps improve immune health.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung\/coronavirus-face-masks#1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Face Masks for Coronavirus (COVID-19)\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.webmd.com\/dtmcms\/live\/webmd\/consumer_assets\/site_images\/article_thumbnails\/other\/homemade_mask_other\/1800x1200_homemade_mask_other.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Face Masks for Coronavirus (COVID-19)<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Learn how a face mask can protect you against the coronavirus (COVID-19), materials you can use to make a mask, and how to wear and clean it the right way.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/best-face-mask-2#types\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Best Face Mask Options for Coronavirus Protection\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/post.greatist.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Male_Face_Mask_1200x628-facebook-1200x628.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Best Face Mask Options for Coronavirus Protection<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Many health experts consider the use of face masks to be key in helping to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Although respirators and surgical masks work well, they need to be reserved for frontline workers. Homemade cloth masks may not be as effective, but they offer more protection than not wearing \u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acsnano.0c03252?fbclid=IwAR1k5DW5ZZMjcHnqNlUFccdyuBgQ6-7A-VMs4wqJw0u-_QRwhgGH-BgZNd0\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/na101\/home\/literatum\/publisher\/achs\/journals\/content\/ancac3\/0\/ancac3.ahead-of-print\/acsnano.0c03252\/20200427-01\/images\/large\/nn0c03252_0005.jpeg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of Common Fabrics Used in Respiratory Cloth Masks<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The emergence of a pandemic affecting the respiratory system can result in a significant demand for face masks. This includes the use of cloth masks by large sections of the public, as can be seen during the current global spread of COVID-19. However, there is limited knowledge available on the perf\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-020-0843-2\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/m685\/springer-static\/image\/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41591-020-0843-2\/MediaObjects\/41591_2020_843_Fig1_HTML.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">A study of 246 individuals with seasonal respiratory virus infections randomized to wear or not wear a surgical face mask showed that masks can significantly reduce detection of coronavirus and influenza virus in exhaled breath and may help interrupt virus transmission.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/lung\/news\/20200608\/eye-protection-could-decrease-covid-19-spread\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Eye Protection Could Decrease COVID-19 Spread\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/img.webmd.com\/dtmcms\/live\/webmd\/consumer_assets\/site_images\/article_thumbnails\/news\/2020\/05_2020\/covid19_face_shield\/1800x1200_face_shield.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Eye Protection Could Decrease COVID-19 Spread<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">New reports suggest eye protection, when paired with face masks and social distancing, could provide additional protection against COVID-19 for those in high-risk categories.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)31142-9\/fulltext?fbclid=IwAR1fGyjRB3xKmv89pwN5AV1lJyfgdiLe5aHDyGEQOpqmFL166UJSlRaCoQI#seccestitle10\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marlin-prod.literatumonline.com\/cms\/asset\/6aef48a3-452b-42a9-a87b-6340250f522b\/gr2.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support physical distancing<br \/>\nof 1 m or more and provide quantitative estimates for models and contact tracing to<br \/>\ninform policy. Optimum use of face masks, respirators, and eye protection in public<br \/>\nand health-care settings should be informed by \u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama\/fullarticle\/2769693?guestAccessKey=1618f351-e84b-4f06-947f-1378e808b58d&amp;utm_source=silverchair&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert-jama&amp;utm_term=mostread&amp;utm_content=olf-widget_08192020&amp;fbclid=IwAR3e2q7ONtoGZ5VJP6pUY4Z3kuDtioUyhrDIOOmR09VVf6rZT5vph4OFYRw\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"SARS-CoV-2 Infection Before and After Face Shields\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.jamanetwork.com\/images\/logos\/JAMA.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">SARS-CoV-2 Infection Before and After Face Shields<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">This Research Letter reports on the effect of full face shields on SARs-CoV-2 transmission among community health workers in India counseling family members in households with an infected member.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/professionals\/infectioncontrol\/maskguidance.htm\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Interim Guidance for the Use of Masks to Control Seasonal Influenza Virus Transmission | CDC\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/images\/H1N1-web-badge-02.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Interim Guidance for the Use of Masks to Control Seasonal Influenza Virus Transmission | CDC<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Role of masks for controlling influenza when suboptimal immunization of the public could increase the frequency of influenza infection &#8211; CDC<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aapsonline.org\/mask-facts\/?fbclid=IwAR0yElK8NLC24lAIe-f9RseEarNtSp9Myg3YASFas1PgjXe3eWlhg98I4Tg\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Mask Facts - AAPS | Association of American Physicians and Surgeons\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aapsonline.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/masks-1.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Mask Facts &#8211; AAPS | Association of American Physicians and Surgeons<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\"><p>Register today: https:\/\/us02web.zoom.us\/webinar\/register\/WN_xXdHU_zpRqOZaonjy7teKA Cost: $25.00 2020 has become an unprecedented year for reasons that don\\\u2019t need to be explained. And it is with disappointment that AAPS had to announce that our in-person\u00a0annual\u00a0meeting\u00a0would not be held largely d\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.refinery29.com\/en-us\/2020\/05\/9819442\/face-mask-smell\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Is It Normal For Face Masks To Smell Bad?\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.refinery29.com\/images\/9819650.jpg?crop=40%3A21\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Is It Normal For Face Masks To Smell Bad?<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">It could be normal, or it could be a sign that it\u2019s time to throw out the face mask.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4202234\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Microbial Contamination on Used Surgical Masks among Hospital Personnel and Microbial Air Quality in their Working Wards: A Hospital in Bangkok\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Microbial Contamination on Used Surgical Masks among Hospital Personnel and Microbial Air Quality in their Working Wards: A Hospital in Bangkok<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">To assess the relationship of bacterial and fungal contamination on used surgical masks worn by the hospital personnel and microbial air quality in their working wards.This is a cross-sectional study of 230 used surgical masks collected from 214 hospital &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6037910\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Surgical masks as source of bacterial contamination during operative procedures\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/corehtml\/pmc\/pmcgifs\/pmc-logo-share.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Surgical masks as source of bacterial contamination during operative procedures<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Surgical masks (SMs) are used to reduce bacterial shedding from the mouth, nose\u00a0and face. This study aimed to investigate whether SMs may be a potential source of bacterial shedding leading to an increased risk of surgical site infection.Bacterial &#8230;<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><br>Regarding concern about lower oxygen levels wearing masks, keep in mind that respiration rate autonomously changes to keep blood oxygen saturation levels (and CO2 levels) appropriate for whatever level of physical exertion \/ oxygen use is occurring from moment to moment.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wildsafe.org\/resources\/outdoor-safety-101\/altitude-safety-101\/high-altitude-oxygen-levels\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Oxygen Levels at High Altitudes - Altitude Safety 101\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.wildsafe.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/StitchingLine_700.png?w=1200&amp;ssl=1\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Oxygen Levels at High Altitudes &#8211; Altitude Safety 101<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Oxygen Levels at Altitude Although the percentage of oxygen in inspired air is constant at different altitudes, the fall in atmospheric pressure at higher<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-reissues-emergency-use-authorizations-revising-which-types?utm_campaign=2020-06-07+Certain+Respirators+Are+No+Longer+Authorized+to+be+Decontaminated&amp;fbclid=IwAR3_dyHR3-js6RdxdfucBUV0S0P4hvRhZ-GqNhGXKuxFZDN3nBuNiOH2RoI\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Reissues Emergency Use Authorizations Revising Which Types of Respirators Can Be Decontaminated for Reuse\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/themes\/custom\/preview\/img\/FDA-Social-Graphic.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Reissues Emergency Use Authorizations Revising Which Types of Respirators Can Be Decontaminated for Reuse<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Coronavirus Update: FDA Reissues Emergency Use Authorizations Revising Which Types of Respirators Can Be Decontaminated for Reuse<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/coronavirusfrontlines\/2020\/04\/16\/two-doctors-who-fought-sars-theres-one-benefit-to-wearing-a-mask-but-its-not-what-you-expect\/#4dd3a53368f9\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Two Doctors Explore The Physical \u2013 And Psychological \u2013 Science Behind Masks\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thumbor.forbes.com\/thumbor\/fit-in\/1200x0\/filters%3Aformat(jpg)\/https%3A%2F%2Fspecials-images.forbesimg.com%2Fimageserve%2F5e9884f7a5551f0007387486%2F0x0.jpg%3FcropX1%3D0%26cropX2%3D640%26cropY1%3D6%26cropY2%3D367\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Two Doctors Explore The Physical \u2013 And Psychological \u2013 Science Behind Masks<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Dogmatic ideologies, often based on limited science, have led people to question and stigmatize those that dared to disagree.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Also see: <a href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid-19-staying-healthy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Staying Healthy<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br>Miscellaneous<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>YMCA camp on Lake Burton, Georgia, the weather on June 17 low of 53 and high of 62 and June 20 had a low of 55 and high of 81. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/69\/wr\/mm6931e1.htm?s_cid=mm6931e1_x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">First symptom report of &#8220;chills&#8221; was June 22<\/a>? Per promo video, many fresh water lake activities, indoor activities, and possibly wind-sheltered areas, close proximity activities, shared surfaces \/ fomites, mostly pre-teens?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.childcarecanada.org\/documents\/research-policy-practice\/20\/07\/rapid-review-what-specific-role-daycares-and-schools-covid-\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Rapid review: What is the specific role of daycares and schools in COVID-19 transmission? | Child care Canada\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.childcarecanada.org\/sites\/all\/modules\/print\/icons\/print_icon.gif\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Rapid review: What is the specific role of daycares and schools in COVID-19 transmission? | Child care Canada<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">CRRU\u2019s online documents database contains thousands of resources relevant to ECEC policy and practice in Canada and internationally. CRRU\u2019s website allows the user to quickly search or browse the database of documents.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05281-3?fbclid=IwAR2APcRMcIdyUDM8ho3oALYIE_PJp1MQg8Rw6qPqPHUSJ4UYtXHvUOerkIU\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Scent dog identification of samples from COVID-19 patients \u2013 a pilot study\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.springernature.com\/w110\/springer-static\/cover\/journal\/12879.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Scent dog identification of samples from COVID-19 patients \u2013 a pilot study<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, early, ideally real-time, identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals is pivotal in interrupting infection chains. Volatile organic compounds produced during respiratory infections can cause specific scent imprints, which can be detected by trained\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMms2024920?query=featured_coronavirus&amp;fbclid=IwAR1TKeZvXMxATPPM7717r5FwfUP3VCcWpgRz4LWS4wGnNkMV-KPGlRK5znA\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Reopening Primary Schools during the Pandemic | NEJM\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/templates\/jsp\/_mms\/image\/NEJM_defaultlogo_200px.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Reopening Primary Schools during the Pandemic | NEJM<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Medicine and Society from The New England Journal of Medicine \u2014 Reopening Primary Schools during the Pandemic<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969720323792?fbclid=IwAR19iQPe-iXdpSqAbMDdpTmR3EgYK2wBvTNwQjARTTDS_r3kmVqFJWwOLDE\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Temperature significantly changes COVID-19 transmission in (sub)tropical cities of Brazil\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ars.els-cdn.com\/content\/image\/1-s2.0-S0048969720323792-ga1.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Temperature significantly changes COVID-19 transmission in (sub)tropical cities of Brazil<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a severe public health issue. The novelty of the virus prompts a search for understanding \u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cedengineering.com\/userfiles\/HVAC%20-%20Natural%20Ventilation%20Principles%20.pdf\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"CED Engineering\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cedengineering.com\/images\/fbref.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">CED Engineering<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">CED Engineering offers online PDH Courses for continuing education. PE Continuing Education.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.abbae.com\/technical-learning\/covid-19\/\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Optimizing Building Ventilation for COVID-19 | Allana Buick &amp; Bers, Inc.\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.abbae.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Logo_Web.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Optimizing Building Ventilation for COVID-19 | Allana Buick &amp; Bers, Inc.<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Optimizing Building Ventilation \u2013 Why and How? As life in the US returns to normal, HVAC systems \u2013 particularly ventilation and balanced air circulation \u2013 will play a significant role in public health and confidence. Here are the most convincing reasons why and the most cost-effective measures you\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/coronavirus\/indoor-air-and-coronavirus-covid-19\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Indoor Air and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/sites\/all\/themes\/epa\/img\/epa-seal-large.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Indoor Air and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">EPA recommends precautions to reduce the potential airborne transmission of the virus, such as ventilation and air filtration as a part of a larger strategy that includes minimizing close contact, surface cleaning, handwashing, and other precautions.<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanres\/article\/PIIS2213-2600(20)30323-4\/fulltext\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: implications for infection control\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/marlin-prod.literatumonline.com\/cms\/asset\/216cc3ad-87b6-4290-a2b7-8f381549a32e\/gr1.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Particle sizes of infectious aerosols: implications for infection control<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">The global pandemic of COVID-19 has been associated with infections and deaths among<br \/>\nhealth-care workers. This Viewpoint of infectious aerosols is intended to inform appropriate<br \/>\ninfection control measures to protect health-care workers. Studies of cough aerosols<br \/>\nand of exhaled breath from patients w\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orf.od.nih.gov\/TechnicalResources\/Bioenvironmental\/Documents\/RoleofACHinTransmissionofAirborneInfections508.pdf\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"RoleofACHinTransmissionofAirborneInfections508.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">RoleofACHinTransmissionofAirborneInfections508.pdf<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.urbanphysics.net\/COVID19_Aero_Paper.pdf\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"COVID19_Aero_Paper.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">COVID19_Aero_Paper.pdf<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Asthma, while somewhat increasing risk, does not appear to be a large contributor to increased risk. In this study, the 2 of 26 patients with asthma who did not survive also had hypertension and other heart-related comorbidities that were very high risk factors.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.06.15.20131540v1\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Causes of Death and Comorbidities in Patients with COVID-19\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/sites\/default\/files\/medrxiv_internal_logo.png\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Causes of Death and Comorbidities in Patients with COVID-19<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Infection by the new corona virus strain SARS-CoV-2 and its related syndrome COVID-19 has caused several hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. Patients of higher age and with preexisting chronic health conditions are at an increased risk of fatal disease outcome. However, detailed information o\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>One study indicates surprising results:<br>&#8220;Lead researcher on this team Dan Nicolau, an associate professor at QUT, explained that the asthmatics and those with chronic lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were on regular inhaler therapy with corticosteroids, were found to have a lesser risk of severe illness in the early phase of the pandemic. He said that this was paradoxical because those with long term lung disease were initially considered to be at a higher risk of a respiratory viral infection such as SARS-CoV-2. He said in his statement, \u201cThis seemed paradoxical because COVID-19 affects the lungs \u2013 and these patients have lung problems \u2013 so they should be more at risk of severe disease from the virus.\u201d&#8221; The results in asthma patients are also correlating positively with <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/reallycorrect.com\/ReallyCorrectWp1\/covid19-sars-cov-2-and-treatment\/\" target=\"_blank\">steroidal treatment benefits in non-asthma patients<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"vlp-link-container vlp-layout-basic wp-block-visual-link-preview-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/news\/20200707\/Asthma-inhalers-being-trialed-for-treatment-of-COVID-19.aspx\" class=\"vlp-link\" title=\"Asthma inhalers being trialed for treatment of COVID-19\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><\/a><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-side\"><div class=\"vlp-block-2 vlp-link-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/image.axd?picture=2020%2f7%2fshutterstock_1258402990_c047b6d49e0b46b6a3455388f7f34d16-620x480.jpg\" style=\"max-width: 150px; max-height: 150px\" \/><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vlp-layout-zone-main\"><div class=\"vlp-block-0 vlp-link-title\">Asthma inhalers being trialed for treatment of COVID-19<\/div><div class=\"vlp-block-1 vlp-link-summary\">Researchers from Queensland University of Technology and Oxford University are working in collaboration to begin human clinical trials of inhaled corticosteroids, commonly used for asthma patients, on patients with COVID-19. The researchers believe that this could be useful for patients with the nov\u2026<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Click Here To Skip Elementary Information And Go To The Science &#8220;All identified outbreaks of three or more cases occurred in an indoor environment, which confirms that sharing indoor space is a major SARS-CoV-2 infection risk.&#8221; Viral Load Exposure Factors While aerosolized indoor transmission has been recognized herein since April 2020, on October 5th, 2020, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"folder":[],"class_list":["post-129","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recenttopicslist"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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